Elemental Concentrations in Japanese Silicate Rock Standards JA-1, JR-1 and JB-2

Data on three Japanese geochemical reference samples (JR-1, JA-1, and JB-2) are presented. Ten major and thirty-five trace element concentrations were determined using x-ray fluorescence, instrumental thermal neutron activation, thermal neutron capture prompt gamma-ray spectrometry, delayed neutron assay, automated thermal neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma emission, atomic absorption, and ion selective electrode. Good agreement between the various methods and with recent literature values were obtained using error weighted mean concentrations for the samples.     

ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CHINESE ROCK STANDARDS GSR 1–6: A COMPARISON WITH THE CERTIFICATE VALUES

Data are presented for the six new Chinese rock standards, GSR 1 through 6. These samples include a granite, an andesite, a basalt, a sandstone, a shale, and a limestone, providing a wide range of sample types of geochemical interest. The certificate values were tested using XRF and ITNA for the major and trace elements and colorimetry, coulometry, and thermogravimetry for the ferrous iron and the volatile constitutents. Excellent agreement was obtained for the 50 elements measured, implying these standards have been well characterized generally and should be of immediate use to geochemists.     

Determination of Elemental Composition of NBS 278 and NBS 688 Via Neutron Activation and X-Ray Fluorescence

Data on NBS Standard Reference Materials 278 (Obsidian) and 688 (Basalt) are presented. Ten major elements, 24 trace elements, iron oxides, and water content were determined using X-ray fluorescence, instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis, delayed neutron assay, spectrophotometry, and coulometry. Good agreement between X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation, and with NBS certified values or recent literature consensus values was obtained.     

Elemental Concentrations In Japanese Silicate Rock Standards: A Comparison With The Literature

Data on seventeen Japanese geochemical reference samples are presented. Ten major and twenty-three trace element concentrations as well as the H2O + and H2O- were determined using x-ray fluorescence, colorimetry, coulometry and instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis. Error bars for the methods as well as information on some elements not previously published are presented. Good agreement was generally obtained with the recently published values of Ando.
Dix éléments majeurs et vingt éléments en traces ainsi que H₂O+ et H₂O- ont été dosés dans 17 échantillons de référence du Service Géologique du Japon. Les méthodes employées sont la spectrométrie de fluorescence-X, la coulométrie, la colorimétrie et l'activation neutronique thermique. En générale, un accord favorable est obtenu avec les valeurs publiées.     

Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrous Iron in Twelve French Geochemical Reference Standards

Iron (II) oxide in silicate rocks can readily be measured after digestion with HF and HCl by reaction with KI and KIO₃. The iodine produced during the digestion is trapped in CCl₄ and measured at 512 nm spectrophotometrically. Results for ten accepted and two new geochemical reference standards are presented.     

ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS IN TWENTY NIST STANDARDS OF GEOCHEMICAL INTEREST

Data are presented for twenty standard reference materials currently available from the USA's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that are of use in geochemical analyses. Some of these standards have not been previously presented in the geochemical literature and many elements'concentrations are reported here for the first time. Instrumental neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, colorimetry, and coulometry were employed to obtain results on ten major and thirty-eight trace element concentrations as well as H2O+ and H2O-. Error bars for the analyses as well as consensus values from the literature are presented and generally good agreement are obtained for the available values.     

北美内陆西部白垩纪脊椎动物生物年代学

北美西部内陆白垩纪的脊椎动物生物年代学的研究始于19世纪90年代。前人建议的期,即陆生脊椎动物"期"或陆生哺乳动物"期"名已过十二个,但其中具有精确的定义者甚少,仅有少量的建议受到广泛认可和使用。本文定义或重新定义了10个陆生脊椎动物"期",包括了西部内陆从最老至最新的全部白垩纪—Comobluffian期(～提塘期至欧特里沃期)、Buffalogapian期(～巴列姆期至早阿普特期)、Cashenranchian期(～早阿普特期至晚阿尔布期)、Mussentuchian期(～晚阿尔布期至塞诺曼期)、Fencelakean期(土伦期至晚塞农期)、Aquilan期(～晚塞农期至早坎潘期)、Judithian期(～中坎潘期)、Kirtlandian期(～晚坎潘期)、Edmontonian期(～坎潘期末期至早马斯特里赫特期)以及Lancian期(～早马斯特里赫特期晚期)。每一个"期"的开始由一种恐龙或哺乳动物种类的首现来定义,而其结束由后续的"期"的开始来定义。这样定义的脊椎动物生物年代代表了完整的白垩纪时间表。但有些时间段(尤其是Neocomian(尼欧克姆期)的大部分以及部分"中"白垩世的一部分)缺乏足够的脊椎动物化石特征。这些白垩纪陆生脊椎动物"期"构成了一个能使北美西部内陆的脊椎动物的演化历史得以序和解释年代表。     

Fish physiology and ecology: the contribution of the Leigh Laboratory to the collision of paradigms

Abstract

The often pragmatic division of studies of function (physiology), and the regulation of distribution and abundance of organisms (ecology), as laboratory and field studies respectively, can create an unhelpful intellectual division that runs the risk of ignoring the interaction of physiology, behaviour and environment that regulates the lives of animals in the wild. This review examines the historical and current contribution of ecophysiological research conducted from the University of Auckland's Leigh Laboratory in bridging these paradigms, and generating new insights into animal function and community organisation. The assessment focuses on endocrine control processes, and metabolic and behavioural responses of fish to artificial and natural stressors, and examines tracks of future research needed to underpin understanding of likely effects of predicted environmental change on individuals and populations.