全数字摄影测量工作站在数据采集中的精度控制及处理技巧

随着国民经济建设对地理信息数据的迫切需求,快速提供高精度的数据显得尤为重要。VirtuoZo 全数字摄影测量工作站在采集数字线划图(DLG)时,存在软件自身无法解决的图幅换带接边问题、等高线上出现的尖角和折角问题。根据长期数据采集工作经验,总结了一些可提高精度和速度的方法,以减轻劳动强度。     

GIS多准则的城市垃圾楼空间布局优化选址

针对城市公共设施的传统选址方法较少考虑空间维度因素的问题,该文提出了基于地理信息系统(GIS)多准则的城市公共设施选址模型,利用GIS多准则技术基于空间维度分析了城市自然环境和人文要素等综合影响下的公共设施选址方法,并以城市垃圾楼选址为例进行了实例应用。实验结果表明:该方法不仅充分考虑了城市复杂的地理环境,还深度探究了影响城市公共设施选址的综合性因素。     

参数优化DBSCAN算法的城管案件聚类分析

针对DBSCAN算法参数对聚类结果具有较大的不确定性问题,该文提出了基于空间分析的参数优化思想:首先,基于Ripley’s K函数分析,实现自适应确定数据聚类范围EPS值;基于K-D树分析,实现自适应确定在Eps阈值内的点数量MinPts值;然后,基于以上参数的自适应确定思想,利用R语言编写了DBSCAN算法,进一步实现了数据的精确聚类。基于典型城市管理案件的实验结果表明:该方法充分考虑了空间数据统计特性,具有较好的适用性,聚类簇特征明显,聚类质量较高。     

静压桩承载力时间效应的研究进展

由于静压桩沉桩后桩周土重塑,静压桩承载力表现出随着休止期的延长而增长的特性。本文从静压桩沉桩后桩周土体内孔隙水消散固结的角度出发,对静压桩承载力时间效应的理论和试验分别进行归纳,结合孔隙水消散路径及固结模型,对桩周土体初始超静孔隙水压力大小及其分布特征进行总结,分析承载力各种测试方法的优缺点,对静压桩承载力的时效性进行深化研究,并探讨了不同地质条件、不同桩的类型对休止期内静压桩承载力的影响,进一步对基于实测数据得出的经验公式进行总结。讨论了基于不同本构关系模型的应力场及位移场解答和沉桩后孔隙水压力消散解答,在此基础上总结了桩基极限承载力理论公式;探讨了黏性土、砂土条件下,考虑超固结比、不排水抗剪强度和塑性指数比对桩基极限承载力系数A的影响,在此基础上归纳了桩基极限承载力经验公式。建议在经验公式基础上设置多重参数,以提升经验公式的精确度,并完善对不同桩、土类型的参数解答;利用BP神经网络,导入静压桩承载力相关参数,以得到针对不同地质条件、桩型、休止期的承载力最优解。     

CASS在城镇地籍数据库建设中的应用

CASS地形地籍成图软件是基于AutoCAD平台技术的数字化测绘数据采集系统,而城镇地籍管理系统普遍采用GIS平台进行处理空间矢量化数据,另外地形、地籍属性等数据均需要无损导入GIS平台。结合某市1∶500城镇地籍数据库建设,浅析地籍数据库建设中利用CASS软件进行数据采集的方法,为国土管理部门提供参考。     

Rapid,specific and sensitive detection of Vibrio vulnificus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeted to vvhA gene

Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterial pathogen for human.The rapid,specific and sensitive detection of V.vulnificus is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis and timely treatment of V.vulnificus infection.In the study,a loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) technique was developed for V.vulnificus detection with a set of primers,composed of two out primers and two inner primers targeted to vvh A gene.The optimal amplification temperature was 63°C and the reaction only took 35 min.The amplification products could not only be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis with ladder-like pattern bands,but also could be visualized using calcein with naked eye directly.Forty-five strains were tested for the specificity of LAMP assay,and all the V.vulnificus strains were identified correctly while other strains were negative results.The sensitive of the new LAMP assay was 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional PCR.Meanwhile,all the V.vulnificus strains were detected correctly in spiked,clinical and environmental samples by the new LAMP assay.Compared with other well-known techniques,the new LAMP assay targeted to vvh A gene was extremely rapid,simple,sensitive and specific for V.vulnificus identification.     

钢筋混凝土渡槽结构地震反应数值分析

首先介绍了钢筋混凝土渡槽结构在地震荷载作用下的分析理论,根据这些理论建立了渡槽结构的动力有限元分析模型,分别采用干模态法、附加质量法和ALE法考虑渡槽结构液固耦合作用,通过具体的工程算例,对钢筋混凝土渡槽结构进行了不同工况下的数值模拟研究,包括混凝土非线性材料分析、渡槽结构静水与动水响应分析、渡槽结构自振特性分析和槽墩的能力曲线分析。研究表明,考虑固液耦合作用的渡槽实体有限元模型能较好地模拟渡槽结构地震反应,并得到相应的渡槽结构地震反应规律。     

An assessment of Arctic cloud water paths in atmospheric reanalyses

The role of Arctic clouds in the recent rapid Arctic warming has attracted much attention. However, Arctic cloud water paths(CWPs) from reanalysis datasets have not been well evaluated. This study evaluated the CWPs as well as LWPs(cloud liquid water paths) and IWPs(cloud ice water paths) from five reanalysis datasets(MERRA-2,MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and ERA5) against the COSP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observations Simulator Package) output for MODIS from the MERRA-2 CSP(COSP satellite simulator) collection(defined as M2 Modis in short). Averaged over 1980–2015 and over the Arctic region(north of 60°N), the mean CWPs of these five datasets range from 49.5 g/m~2(MERRA) to 82.7 g/m~2(ERA-Interim), much smaller than that from M2 Modis(140.0 g/m~2). However, the spatial distributions of CWPs, show similar patterns among these reanalyses, with relatively small values over Greenland and large values over the North Atlantic. Consistent with M2 Modis, these reanalyses show larger LWPs than IWPs, except for ERA-Interim. However, MERRA-2 and MERRA underestimate the ratio of IWPs to CWPs over the entire Arctic, while ERA-Interim and JRA-55 overestimate this ratio. ERA5 shows the best performance in terms of the ratio of IWPs to CWPs. All datasets exhibit larger CWPs and LWPs in summer than in winter. For M2 Modis, IWPs hold seasonal variation similar with LWPs over the land but opposite over the ocean. Following the Arctic warming, the trends in LWPs and IWPs during 1980～2015 show that LWPs increase and IWPs decrease across all datasets, although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis suggests that all datasets have similar interannual variability. The study further found that the inclusion of re-evaporation processes increases the humidity in the atmosphere over the land and that a more realistic liquid/ice phase can be obtained by independently treating the liquid and ice water contents.     

论板块运动的驱动力

本文从动力学的角度讨论了板块运动的驱动机理,并提出了计算板块扩张速度的公式,然后求出了不同类型板块的扩张速度。用此公式所计算出的板块扩张速度与实际观测速度很符合。     

多源遥感数据支持下的城市生态状况评价

城市生态环境监测具有数据来源广泛、监测要素复杂、服务对象多样等特点,整合可用的资源进行城市生态的综合监测成为目前关注的热点。本文利用高分辨率遥感影像,以及地表覆盖、城市边界等遥感产品,在现有遥感生态指数的基础上,结合黑臭水体指数,构建适合综合评估城市生态状况的集成遥感监测模型,实现对城市生态环境状态的多维度监测。该方法能够较准确客观地反映城市的生态环境质量,理论上补充了基于遥感数据的城市生态环境监测方法,可为城市生态环境监测的信息化建设提供技术支撑。