华南水东湾波控、中等潮差岬湾海滩地形动力分类

海滩地形动力分类在国外的海岸地貌研究中已经被广泛接受。本文使用了华南粤西水东湾切线带、过渡带和遮蔽带海滩连续16个月32次大潮期间同步获取的波浪、潮汐、泥沙和海滩地形数据,分别按照无量纲沉降参数、相对潮差参数和无量纲海湾尺度参数对这一岬湾海滩不同岸段的海滩类型进行了研究,研究发现：（1）水东湾切线带海滩的主要状态为有裂流的低潮台地状态和沙坝型海滩状态,过渡带海滩主要状态是低潮沙坝/裂流海滩和沙坝消散型状态,遮蔽带海滩主要状态是有或无沙坝的消散型状态;（2）海湾不同岸段海滩状态的顺序变化与差异体现了岬湾海滩状态的时空变化性,与现场观测的海滩地形的变化基本一致,说明了对波控中到强潮海滩进行研究时,需要考虑潮汐的影响。同时,本文主要给出了海滩状态研究的一个框架体系,由于海滩不同的状态伴随不同的侵蚀模式,要求我国今后需加强在这一方面研究,以进一步丰富我国海滩地形演变、海滩地形动力过程和海滩防侵蚀的理论基础。     

具有先验信息的地面三维激光扫描地形测量数据去噪算法

为防止三维激光扫描数据中的噪声对实景重构造成扭曲,基于消噪的相关理论,提出了3种具有先验信息的去噪算法,利用高程注记点所提供的先验信息作为去噪依据,分别对比高程插值、最小二乘拟合平面及趋势面,选取适当阈值消去噪声。利用Timble GX200地面三维激光扫描系统获取的地形测量数据进行实验分析,结果表明:高程注记点可以作为先验信息为点云去噪提供依据,并确保去噪后基本符合实体特征。     

一种利用水平截面法分析高压线塔倾斜度的误差模型

针对一种基于地面激光扫描技术的高压线塔倾斜度监测方法,分析了利用水平分层的点云面片中心偏移量计算高压塔倾斜度的算法原理,以及该算法的误差来源。研究表明,利用水平截面法监测出线塔倾斜误差量主要与线塔的倾斜量及上下非对称特性有关。经过公式推导,建立了主倾斜剖面上的倾斜误差改正模型,并开发了专用的点云数据处理软件。结合山西开采沉陷区的倾斜高压线塔实例,利用本法计算了线塔的倾斜值,并将结果与特征点法计算结果进行了对比,验证了算法和数据处理程序的有效性和精度。本文内容对利用激光扫描技术监测烟囱、高塔等上小下大的非对称高耸结构的倾斜量有较强的借鉴意义。     

基于 TLS 的高压线塔倾斜度监测

高压线塔属于杆状构筑物,对倾斜变形非常敏感,倾斜度是检测其稳定性的重要指标。传统的单点测量方式,无法反映高压线塔的整体变形,提出基于地面三维激光扫描技术监测高压线塔倾斜度的方法,采用分层处理的方式,通过边界提取、直线分割、直线拟合等过程处理点云数据。采集山西省柳林某高压线塔点云数据进行实验,求取各层切片的中心坐标并计算高压线塔的倾斜度,对计算结果进行分析,得出线塔仍处于安全运行状态的结论。     

河南省中二叠世山西期古地理特征*

河南省中二叠统山西组发育了一套以陆源碎屑含煤岩系为特色的滨海相、三角洲相沉积,是河南省晚古生代的重要含煤地层。基于地层厚度、砂泥比等值线的变化趋势分析以及指相化石和沉积组合类型的分布特征,可以确定出4种沉积相：潟湖（海湾）相、潮坪相、障壁岛相和三角洲相;划分出3种岩相区：三角洲泥岩及砂岩相区,海湾（潟湖）—潮坪粉砂岩及泥岩相区和障壁岛—潮坪—潟湖（海湾）砂岩及泥岩相区。当时的沉积古地理特征表现为：豫西南为伏牛古陆,豫西为中条古陆,总体地势呈北西高,南东低,中部有一水下隆起区;海水由西北向东南方向退去;物源主要来自盆地西侧的中条古陆;最大厚度沉积区位于东北部及东部。     

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.     

飞机场设施CGCS2000坐标测量方法设计与研究

针对飞机场各种设施测量实际,通过几种方案的分析、比较、融合,设计了一种高效的中国民航机场设施CGCS2000坐标测量的方案,在民航机场CGCS2000坐标测量中得到了有效验证。     

基于TLS的高压线塔倾斜与曲率变形研究

高压线塔是杆状构筑物,在受到开采等活动影响时,地表移动和变形对高压线塔的安全有重要影响。文中根据地表移动与变形规律,提出一种高压线塔倾斜与曲率变形分析方法。首先运用地面三维激光扫描仪扫描高压线塔,对点云数据进行分层处理,提取各层点云数据切片中心点坐标,计算高压线塔基础倾斜、塔身倾斜与曲率。研究表明,文中使用的三维激光扫描技术和数据处理方法能够较好地分析得出线塔基础倾斜、塔身倾斜与曲率等数据,规避传统监测方法塔基倾斜和塔身倾斜分开分析的弊端,为进一步研究线塔倾斜变形奠定技术基础,为线塔的变形分析提供可靠依据。     

点云的高压线塔主斜材交叉点提取

针对无标志点状态下高压线塔变形监测问题,提出了基于点云的变形监测方法,该方法根据高压线塔的结构特点选取不同高度处对称分布的主斜材部分点云,通过平面分割、点云投影、边界提取、直线分割和直线拟合等过程获取交叉点坐标。采集山西柳林某高压线塔四期点云数据进行实验,利用本文方法求得高压线塔特征点坐标并与手动提取结果进行对比,证明提取方法具有一定的精度,得出高压线塔存在变形且主要因素是由不均匀下沉导致。     

飞机场设施CGCS2000坐标测量方法设计与研究

针对飞机场各种设施测量实际,通过几种方案的分析、比较、融合,设计了一种高效的中国民航机场设施CGCS2000坐标测量的方案,在民航机场CGCS2000坐标测量中得到了有效验证。