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Kalliopi Sapountzaki 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(3):1267-1285
The article decodes and analyzes the standard functions of social and social-ecological systems when they manage their own
vulnerability. The author acknowledges these as “Resilience functions” or “Operational Resilience”. For this purpose, she
follows a “Vulnerability Actor” (V Actor)-based approach. V Actor is considered as a system faced with multiple hazards, carrying
various vulnerability facets (physical, economic, institutional, etc.) and attempting to transform, transfer, rearrange them
in time and space so as to achieve Actor’s own persistence. It is these processes of vulnerability re-arrangement that are
identified by the author as Resilience functions and which change the vulnerability not only of the V Actor performing resilience
but also others’. Performance of Resilience functions presupposes attraction and employment of resources by the Actor, not
only own, current and inherent but also other resources to be found in spatial and temporal scales external to or beyond the
Actor but which the Actor can appeal to. This attraction most probably leads to deprivation of others of the necessary resources
for their persistence, recovery, etc. When somebody’ vulnerability is reduced sometimes somewhere, it is most probable that
others elsewhere are encumbered with extra vulnerability, currently or in the future. Hence, what resilience can only do is
vulnerability re-arrangement, re-setting and management. The proposed systemic approach is documented on current state of
art regarding interactions between vulnerability and resilience to hazards and on empirical evidence from the international
experience of responses to natural hazards. 相似文献
2.
George D. Bathrellos Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou Hariklia D. Skilodimou Georgios Aim. Skianis Konstantinos G. Chousianitis 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(2):573-588
In this study, the potential land use planning for rural communities and agricultural development is examined with a multi-criteria analysis and Geographical Information System. For this purpose, geological, geomorphological and socio-economic data and natural hazard maps were chosen as major factors affecting both land uses. The Analytical Hierarchical Process method was applied to evaluate these factors and the uncertainty of their weight alterations estimated. Three scenarios were developed for each land use to examine the effect of uncertainty to the suitability assessment results, leading to the corresponding potential suitability maps. The areas of very high suitability are distributed mainly at the plain part of the study area. The proposed methodology comprises a case application concerning physical factors in conjunction with natural hazard maps in the land use planning procedure. 相似文献
3.
George D. Bathrellos Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou Hariklia D. Skilodimou Dimitrios Papanastassiou Konstantinos G. Chousianitis 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(2):537-548
During the planning of an urban environment, usually only economic and social parameters are taken into account. As a result,
urban areas are susceptible to natural disasters, which cause extensive damages in them, because the cities or towns have
been repeatedly located in vulnerable areas. In this study, for the protection of human environment, is proposed a unique
approach of urban planning and sustainable development. The study area is Trikala Prefecture (Western Thessaly, Central Greece).
An integrated evaluation of the suitable areas for urban growth and light industry development is proposed by using mainly
natural hazards as well as geological–geomorphological–geographical characteristics of the study area. The used parameters
were correlated by using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method and incorporated into a geographic information system
(GIS) in order to produce the corresponding suitability maps. The study area is classified in five categories of very high,
high, moderate, low, and very low suitability for urban growth and industrial development. Moreover, the spatio-temporal changes
of the urban limits are studied since 1885 for the three major towns (Trikala, Kalambaka and Pyli) of the study area. These
changes sketch out the urban growth trend. The comparison between the urban growth trend with the potential suitability for
urban growth and industrial development of these towns lead to discrepancies. These can be attributed mainly to the fact that
in the majority of cases, only geographical, social, and economical factors were used for urban development, whereas in our
study, natural hazards, geomorphological, and geographical parameters were quantified and taken into account. 相似文献
4.
Nikoleta Jones Kalliopi Panagiotidou Ioannis Spilanis Konstantinos I. EvangelinosPanayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(8):577-584
Tourism has important impacts, both positive and negative, on the management of coastal areas with high biodiversity value. It is therefore important to investigate visitors’ perceptions concerning environmental policy alternatives for these areas along with the factors influencing these perceptions. The present paper aims to investigate visitors’ perceptions of an important nesting ground for loggerhead sea turtles located in a highly touristic area of Greece (Rethymno, Crete) registered in the Natura 2000 network. The paper focuses on the level of environmental awareness of visitors and their perceptions of two proposed policy instruments which will secure funding for the improvement of the environmental management of the area: an entrance fee to the beach and a tax to be levied on local accommodation costs. The influence of social and institutional trust on these perceptions is also explored. According to the results of the study, awareness of the existence of the Natura 2000 site was low. Furthermore, the accommodation tax was regarded as a more effective policy when compared to the entrance fee. Average Willingness to Pay (WTP) was also explored for the two policies, estimated at €1.13 for the daily accommodation tax and €1.59 for the entrance fee. The influence of social and institutional trust had a significant influence both on the perceived level of effectiveness of the proposed policies and the stated Willingness to Pay. The study concludes that the accommodation tax would be a more appropriate policy for the management of Rethymno beach taking into consideration visitors’ perceptions and the current level of trust. 相似文献
5.
Olympia Gotsis-Skretas Kalliopi Pagou Maria Moraitou-Apostolopoulou Lydia Ignatiades 《Progress in Oceanography》1999,44(4):5
Phytoplankton communities, production rates and chlorophyll levels, together with zooplankton communities and biomass, were studied in relation to the hydrological properties in the euphotic zone (upper 100 m) in the Cretan Sea and the Straits of the Cretan Arc. The data were collected during four seasonal cruises undertaken from March 1994 to January 1995.The area studied is characterised by low nutrient concentrations, low 14C fixation rates, and impoverished phytoplankton and zooplankton standing stocks. Seasonal fluctuations in phytoplankton densities, chlorophyll standing stock and phytoplankton production are significant; maxima occur in spring and winter and minima in summer and autumn. Zooplankton also shows a clear seasonal pattern, with highest abundances occurring in autumn–winter, and smallest populations in spring–summer. During summer and early autumn, the phytoplankton distribution is determined by the vertical structure of the water column.Concentrations of all nutrients are very low in the surface waters, but increase at the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layer, which ranges in depth from about 75–100 m. Chlorophyll-a concentrations in the DCM vary from 0.22–0.49 mg m−3, whilst the surface values range from 0.03–0.06 mg m−3. Maxima of phytoplankton, in terms of cell populations, are also encountered at average depths of 50–75 m, and do not always coincide with chlorophyll maxima. Primary production peaks usually occur within the upper layers of the euphotic zone.There is a seasonal succession of phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Diatoms and ‘others’ (comprising mainly cryptophytes and rhodophytes) dominate in winter and spring and are replaced by dinoflagellates in summer and coccolithophores in autumn. Copepods always dominate the mesozooplankton assemblages, contributing approximately 70% of total mesozooplankton abundance, and chaetognaths are the second most abundant group. 相似文献
6.
Nafsika Papageorgiou Kalliopi Sigala Ioannis Karakassis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):561-568
The relationship of functional diversity and composition was studied in gradients of organically enriched sediments from four Mediterranean fish farms. Within-functional trait diversity was also used to examine the functional redundancy of specific functional traits. Characteristics considered to respond to different geochemical conditions of the sediment were chosen for the traits list of that organism and were classified into ecological and morphological traits. Each trait was split up into several categories chosen to encompass the range of possible attributes of all species. The abundance of species possessing the same code was summed for each sample. Functional codes analyses differentiated between the sediment types and the TOC states, confirming the sensitivity of the functional characteristics to the geochemistry of the sediment. Changes in species number and abundance in the compared sites determined the shifts of the functional processes and not the presence or absence of individual traits. The important functional codes for the homogeneity within the examined habitats were fewer in the disturbed areas indicating that the functioning of these ecosystems is significantly reduced. 相似文献
7.
Disconnected policies and actors and the missing role of spatial planning throughout the risk management cycle 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Kalliopi Sapountzaki Sylvia Wanczura Gabriella Casertano Stefan Greiving Gavriil Xanthopoulos Floriana F. Ferrara 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(3):1445-1474
The present work addresses the problem of lack of coordination between policies and actors with joint competence for risk
management, i.e., civil protection, spatial planning, and sectoral planning (e.g., forest policy in the case of forest fire
risk). Spatial planning in particular is assigned a minor or no role at all though it might perfectly operate as the coordinating
policy platform; the reason is that spatially relevant analysis and policy guidance is an omnipresent component of the risk
management cycle. However, disconnected risk relevant policies turning a blind eye to spatial planning might cause several
adverse repercussions: Breaks in the response-preparedness-prevention-remediation chain (which should function as a continuum),
minimal attention to prevention, risk expansion and growth instead of mitigation, lack of synergies between involved actors
as well as duplicated or even diverging measures and funding. The authors bear witness to the above suggestions by examining
three cases of European (regional and local) risk management systems faced with failures when confronting natural hazards
(floods and forest fires). These three systems are embedded in different types of political-administrative structures, namely
those of the city of Dortmund (Germany) facing floods, Eastern Attica region (Greece), and Lazio Region (Italy) facing forest
fires. 相似文献
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