WRF-Hydro模型与新安江模型在陈河流域的应用对比

本文利用全球陆面数据同化系统与降雨观测数据,以陕西半湿润区陈河流域为研究对象,驱动WRF-Hydro模型,研究该模型的表现和适用性,并在结构、参数、输入输出和模拟结果方面与新安江模型对比.考虑到次表面层与实际包气带的区别,引入土层厚度乘子ZSOILFAC对前者进行等比缩放,发现其与新安江模型反推包气带的厚度有较好的一致性.研究表明:在陈河流域中WRF-Hydro计算步长须在建议值的基础上缩小; WRF-Hydro模型善于模拟洪水细节,新安江模型表现好且稳定;前者的径流深和洪峰合格率平于或略低于后者;在两个指标均合格的洪水中,前者平均均方根误差比后者小21.5%,但对于其他洪水,前者平均均方根误差比后者大56.2%; WRF-Hydro在洪水起涨时刻模拟较好,表现出其在中小流域应用的潜力.     

地球化学揭示早—中侏罗世陆相地层气候环境变化特征——以滇中川街盆地老文村剖面为例

侏罗纪温室气候是中生代以来重要的气候变暖事件,全球关于该事件的研究主要集中在海相地层中,关于陆相地层的研究较少,滇中禄丰川街盆地沉积了完整的侏罗纪地层,为研究侏罗纪温室地球气候环境提供了良好的载体。本次工作通过对川街盆地早—中侏罗世陆相红层的岩石地层、微量元素地球化学研究认为,滇中地区早侏罗世早期主要为高温、湿润的气候环境,早侏罗世晚期气候波动剧烈且频繁,湖泊盐度急剧上升,气温缓慢下降,在即将进入中侏罗世时气温骤然上升,水体盐度快速降低,发生“T—OAE事件”,之后则保持较为稳定的高温、干燥的气候环境。通过对滇中侏罗纪恐龙埋藏层位的研究发现,早侏罗世晚期气候环境的突变层位与该层位位置相当,沉积特征及地球化学特征表明恐龙的集群性埋藏与该事件有着密不可分的关系。     

不同鲜重秋茄胚轴形态及其对幼苗生长的影响

为了探讨不同鲜重秋茄胚轴的表型性状和营养成分含量差异,及其对幼苗生长的影响,确定浙江省秋茄胚轴质量标准,提高造林质量,本研究采集4.0～5.0g、5.0～6.0g、6.0～7.0g、7.0～8.0g、8.0～9.0g、9.0～10.0g共6组不同鲜重的秋茄胚轴,测定其表型性状、营养成分含量和幼苗生长性状。结果表明,胚轴长度、横径、顶径随着胚轴鲜重的增加而显著增加。不同鲜重等级胚轴间的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和有机碳百分含量差异不显著,但随着秋茄胚轴鲜重增加,淀粉百分含量显著减小。单根胚轴的营养成分总含量随胚轴鲜重的增加而显著增加。胚轴的C:N、N:P和C:P值在鲜重7.0～8.0g等级时均显著高于其他鲜重等级。幼苗生长高、基径、叶片数及生物量随胚轴鲜重的增加而显著增加,但在5.0～6.0g、6.0～7.0g和7.0～8.0g等级间幼苗茎干重、叶干重、净生物量和总生物量差异不显著。胚轴表型性状与幼苗生长指标之间的相关性均呈显著水平(P<0.05),除胚轴P总含量与生长高之间的相关性不显著外, N、K、Na、有机碳、淀粉总含量与幼苗生长指标之间均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.0...     

Study on Breakdown Pressure in Hydraulic Fracturing Process of Hard Rock Based on Numerical Simulation

Pre-conditioning by hydraulic fracturing is a vital work in block caving mining of hard-rock metal mine, and breakdown pressure is one of the important parameters in rock hydraulic fracturing process, which determines the equipment selection and job-parameter control. Based on numerical simulation method, a pre-holed cylindrical hard rock sample was built for simulation of hydraulic fracturing process to investigate the effect of stress condition, rock properties and water injection rate on breakdown pressure. The results show that the breakdown pressure is increased with the confining stress, and the breakdown pressure is 2.28 times confining stress based on rock tension strength. The variation of rock tension strength affects the breakdown pressure and a positive linear relation exists. Pre-formed notch could obviously reduce the breakdown pressure and control the orientation of hydraulic fracture. And the borehole diameter has a reverse influence on rock breakdown pressure.

     

Analysis of large-scale UAV images using a multi-scale hierarchical representation

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imaging systems have many superiorities compared with other platforms, such as high flexibility and low cost in collecting images, providing wide application prospects. However, the acquisition of the UAV-based image commonly results in very high resolution and very large-scale images, which poses great challenges for subsequent applications. Therefore, an efficient representation of large-scale UAV images is necessary for the extraction of the required information in a reasonable time. In this work, we proposed a multi-scale hierarchical representation, i.e. binary partition tree, for analyzing large-scale UAV images. More precisely, we first obtained an initial partition of images by an oversegmentation algorithm, i.e. the simple linear iterative clustering. Next, we merged the similar superpixels to build an object-based hierarchical structure by fully considering the spectral and spatial information of the superpixels and their topological relationships. Moreover, objects of interest and optimal segmentation were obtained using object-based analysis methods with the hierarchical structure. Experimental results on processing the post-seismic UAV images of the 2013 Ya’an earthquake and the mosaic of images in the South-west of Munich demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.