黄河拉西瓦水电站坝区天然高边坡特征及其治理

拉西瓦水电站为黄河上游最大水电枢纽工程。两岸边坡谷底至岸顶相对高差为600~700m。正常蓄水位以上边坡高度约450m。坝址两岸2400m高程以上天然高边坡变形破裂体、松动体、危岩体、危石等发育广泛且小型不稳定体随机分布。高边坡稳定性构成本电站重大工程地质问题之一。且因峡谷深切、边坡高陡,对其处理难度很大。论文首先总结了电站坝址两岸天然高边坡地质特征,对高边坡进行了稳定性分区与总体评价。在此基础上提出边坡处理原则与方案设计。最后列举了2个边坡处理典型实例,一为基于现代设计理念和新型材料的SNS柔性边坡防护系统在拉西瓦高边坡不稳定体处理中的广泛应用;另一为坝址大型变形破裂体———Ⅱ#变形体的综合治理。根据高边坡不稳定体各自不同地质特征,采用科学且针对性强的流通量措施能够达到稳定要求的。     

基于GIS的区域地质编图方法

本文以地理信息系统在小比例尺区域地质编图中的应用为基础,结合《亚洲中部及邻区系列地质图》的编制,详细阐述了应用ArcInfo、MapGis等GIS软件进行数字地质编图的方法.对地理空间数据和专业地质空间数据的编制做了详细介绍,其中包括各种要素制图综合、属性库制作、编码设计、现势资料的补充等.根据数据源的不同,制定了不同的技术路线和工作方法.将来自不同国家的数据源进行数据转换、投影变换和误差校正,转换为统一的数据格式和投影坐标系统.对基于GIS的区域地质编图方法及数据源做了具体分析.     

DETECTION OF MULTILAYER CIRRUS CLOUD USING FY-1C DATA

There are ten channels in the FY-1C polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of China.Thesechannels cover visible,near-infrared and infrared spectral bands.Based on simulating analysis ofsingle layer and multilayer clouds that cirrus clouds possibly overlap low water clouds,the casestudy using FY-1C data is performed.Results show that FY-1C data can be used to analyzemultilayer clouds,especially for the ease of low water cloud overlaid by cirrus.     

雷达雨量计资料用于径流模拟(英)

利用测雨雷达结合稠密和稀疏雨量站网估计流域降水分布,将小同方法获得的降水分布输入降水径流模型TOPMODEL,模拟1998,1999夏季GAME/HUBEX试验区梅山和鲇鱼山集水区的径流,并与实测径流进行比较和分析,结果表明:1)雷达结合集水区内雨量计网模拟径流的精度优于传统的用稠密雨量计网模拟径流的精度;2)利用雷达结合集水区外相对稀疏的雨量计网模拟径流的精度和用集水区内稠密雨量计网模拟径流的精度相当,显示了测雨雷达在径流模拟和洪水预报中极大的应用潜力。     

用TRMM/TMI估算HUBEX试验区的云中液态水

文中应用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像仪的微波遥感资料反演云中液态水。由于微波成像仪85.5 GHz通道对云中液态水非常敏感,通过离散纵坐标矢量辐射传输模式,运用迭代的方法可以有效地反演出陆地上空非降水云中的液态水路径。在淮河流域能量与水分循环试验中,分别运用微波成像仪85.5 GHz垂直极化单通道和微波成像仪85.5 GHz极化亮温差两种方法来估算陆地上空的云中液态水路径,反演结果与地基微波辐射计的测量结果是较为一致的。当地表比辐射率或地表温度误差较大时,用极化亮温差法估算云中液态水路径相对较好,尤其是对于低云,因为该方法对地表温度不敏感。     

Newtontoppen granitoid rocks, their geology, chemistry and Rb-Sr age

A post-tectonic Caledonian granite in southern Ny Friesland has been fully mapped and the following new names are proposed: the Chydeniusbreen granitoid suite, consisting of the Raudberget granitoid body in the north; the Newtontoppen granitoid body in the middle; and the Ekkoknausane granitoid body in the south
The contact relationships, internal structures and distribution of various rock types infer an asymmetric lopolith or a harpolith-like body, a large sickle-shaped intrusion stretched in the direction of general tectonic transport, for the Newtontoppen granitoid body.
Seven rock types are described in the Newtontoppen granitoid and four emplacement stages are recognised. The major rock types seem to have an alkali-calcic to alkalic bulk rock chemistry and show a transition between I- and S-type granite derived from anatectic melting of various protoliths under relatively high temperature conditions. Possible later K₂0 introduction modified the earlier formed rock types.
A Rb-Sr whole rock age of 432 ± 10 Ma has been obtained by a seven point isochron with MSDW = 2.59 and an initial Sr isotope ratio = 0.715. This age is approximately 30 Ma older than the previously obtained K-Ar whole rock and Rb-Sr biotite ages, ca. 400 Ma, which represents the period of cooling. The high initial Sr isotope ratio supports the interpretation of an anatectic origin.     

Production and Certification of Synthetic Selenium Isotopic Reference Materials

Due to intensive research into selenium isotopes in recent years, the increasing requirement for reliable and comparable measurement results has created a strong demand for selenium isotopic certified reference materials (iCRM) that were previously not available. To address this, eleven selenium iCRMs were developed, including ten synthetic iCRMs (GBW 04447–GBW 04456) and one natural iCRM (GBW 04457). The synthetic iCRMs were prepared with ⁷⁶Se, ⁷⁸Se, ⁸⁰Se and ⁸²Se solutions and a natural selenium solution; the natural iCRM was prepared with highly pure selenium material. The property values of isotope ratios in these iCRMs were certified by calibrated mass spectrometry with a collision cell multi‐collector ICP‐MS. The mass discrimination effect of the instrument was corrected with corresponding ⁷⁸Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures and ⁸²Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures, which were gravimetrically prepared with purified, isotopically enriched selenium materials. Homogeneity and stability tests were performed, and no significant influences were found. The uncertainty of the property values of the iCRMs was evaluated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) of ISO/BIPM and ISO Guide 35. The δ^82/76Se value of GBW 04457 relative to NIST SRM 3149 was also calculated. These iCRMs are intended for use in calibration of instruments and evaluation of methods for the determination of selenium isotope ratios.     

泾阳南塬蒋刘4#滑坡特征及成因机制

2016年3月6日,泾阳南塬蒋刘村发生了约2×104 m3的小型黄土滑坡。滑坡发生后,在对滑坡现场进行详细的地质调查基础上,结合无人机航测和三维激光扫描综合手段,对滑坡的基本特征及成因机理进行了初步分析。结果表明:长期引水灌溉是滑坡发生的基本条件;坡脚滞水软化作用、与灌溉渠较短的渗透距离、坡脚冻结黄土春季解冻是导致滑体发生的直接原因;底部饱和泥化黄土的铺垫及导流作用,是导致其滑程较远的根本原因。该类滑坡近几年来发生频率较高,为泾阳南塬滑坡演化后期的主要发生类型,具有一定的特殊性,值得深入研究。     

油铀兼探的找矿思路在松辽盆地的应用——以中央拗陷区南部为例

以"油铀兼探"的找矿思路,带动松辽盆地中南部开展砂岩型铀矿调查选区及钻探验证工作.将异常强度250 API和450 API确定为划分潜在铀矿孔、潜在铀矿化孔和正常孔的关键技术指标,对中央拗陷区南部1572个钻孔进行异常筛查工作.排查发现潜在铀矿孔362个,潜在铀矿化孔223个.对191号钻孔和36号钻孔进行钻探验证,发现1个工业孔、1个异常孔.认为区内寻找砂岩型铀矿的有利地段为油田区反转构造形成的隆起区边部四方台组河流相砂体,并总结了中央拗陷区南部6种主要控矿因素.     

张广才岭南段两个侏罗纪花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石化学分析,研究了张广才岭南段上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体的形成年代,地球化学特征和形成环境。上营北岩体为中粗粒钾长花岗岩,帽儿山岩体为中细粒黑云母钾长花岗岩。上营北岩体的加权平均年龄为178.9±2.7 Ma,帽儿山岩体为183.7±2.4 Ma,均为早侏罗世侵入岩。上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体主量元素都具有Si O_2和K_2O含量较高,Ti O_2、Mg O、Ca O含量较低,TFe O/Mg O值较高的特点;上营北岩体A/CNK=0.98~1.08,里特曼指数σ=1.51~2.66;帽儿山岩体含铝指数A/CNK=1.00~1.01,里特曼指数σ=2.12~2.36。上营北岩体稀土元素配分模式为海鸥型,轻重稀土分馏不明显;帽儿山岩体稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,轻稀土较重稀土富集;两个岩体均富集Rb、K,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P、Ho、Er、U、Eu等元素出现不同程度的亏损。地球化学特征分析显示上营北岩体和帽儿山岩体均为A_2型花岗岩,为后造山型花岗岩,形成于兴蒙造山带后造山的伸展环境。