The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) model: applicability for investigating the immunosuppressive effects of the aquatic pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)

Despite the fact that BaP is a carcinogen, mammalian immunosuppressant, and ubiquitous aquatic pollutant, knowledge regarding the effects of BaP on the immune system of fish is still lacking. To begin to fill this gap, studies were conducted in medaka to examine the effects and mechanisms by which BaP exposure might alter host immunocompetence. Fish, exposed by IP injection of BaP (2-600 microg/g BW), were examined after 48 h for effects upon immune function and CYP1A expression/activity. Benzo[a]pyrene, at a concentration below that which increased levels of CYPIA expression/activity (2 microg BaP/g BW) suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. Concentrations of BaP at 20 and 200 microg/g BW. suppressed antibody-forming cell (AFC) numbers, superoxide production, and host resistance against bacteria. In contrast, exposure to the low affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), neither induced CYP1A expression nor altered immune function. Given the lack of immunosuppressive effects produced by BeP, and the fact that exposure to the AhR antagonist (and CYP1A inhibitor) alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) ameliorated the suppressive effects of BaP upon AFC numbers, the AhR pathway (including CYP1A-mediated production of reactive BaP metabolites) appears important in mediating BaP-induced immunotoxicity in fish, as in mammals. In the past, the medaka has proven a successful model for assessing carcinogenic agents. These studies have demonstrated its utility for also determining the immunosuppressive effects of an important aquatic contaminant.     

矿产开发与环境保护

通过国内多个矿区实例，较系统地叙述了矿产资源开发导致的生态环境破坏和污染状况。表明矿产开发中对环境污染的途径包括河流、土壤、等。最后简要介绍了国内、国外几种对采矿污染比较有效的防治措施。     

Habitat continuity effects on gradients of fish biomass across marine protected area boundaries

Marine protected areas (MPAs) could be useful as fisheries management tools for the exportation of pelagic eggs, larvae and adult fish. A decreasing gradient of fish biomass across MPAs boundary may indicate export. We determine whether gradients of decreasing biomass of fish assemblage occurred in Tabarca Marine Reserve over two habitats with different continuity across the boundaries, to test if the patchy nature of the marine environment might act as a barrier for the fish export. In general, significant decreasing gradients in total fish biomass and biomass of some species were observed on P. oceanica and rocky substrates, independently of their different continuity through the reserve boundaries. Changes in the multivariate structure of the fish assemblage were correlated with the distance from integral reserve. All of these results support the hypothesis that the exportation of adult fish from Tabarca Marine Reserve occurs, and this process may influence the surrounding fished areas.     

首都圈地区重力场的时空变化

首都圈地区的高精度重力测量工作已开展多年．本文叙述该地区近８年(1981－1988年)来的重力场主要变化特征．南部及东南部有较大的重力变化，其最大量级可达10－6 ms－2；北部地区相对较稳定，如承德，以及测网西侧的太行山区边缘完县．重力变化显著的地区是天津、霸县、任丘等地，且和垂直形变相吻合．重力变化的主要原因在于抽取地下水和石油所致．      

利用相当位涡诊断条件性对称不稳定区

条件性对称不稳定（ＣＳＩ）是一个用于诊断和预报冬季气旋内中等到强降水的中尺度雨带的重要的大气特征．在ＣＳＩ区域内，倾斜对流能够增大狭窄区域内的降雪总量．典型的情况是，在一个垂直于对流层中层热成风方向的剖面上，利用Ｍｇ（绝对地转动量）和θｅ（相当位温）来进行ＣＳＩ的估算，在等Ｍｇ面比等θｅ面坡度小的区域为ＣＳＩ区．本文描述了一种量度ＣＳＩ的客观方法，称为相当位涡（ＥＰＶ）方法，它可以快速有效地计算ＣＳＩ。通过两次实例比较了Ｍｇ剖面对θｅ剖面的方法和ＥＰＶ方法，从而说明了利用ＥＰＶ剖面诊断ＣＳＩ的有效性．上述实例还说明了倾斜对流与垂直对流的区别。     

Finnish strategies for reduction and control of effluents to the marine environment--examples from agriculture,municipalities and industry

The most serious environmental problem encountered in the Baltic Sea is eutrophication. Finland finalised in spring 2002 its national Programme for the Protection of the Baltic Sea. The programme contains more than 30 measures for improving the state of the Baltic Sea and protecting the marine environment. Total national investments during the next 10-15 years will amount to EUR 300-370 million. The highest annual cost will be environmental support to agriculture. The bulk of the rest of the money will be used for nitrogen purification of municipal wastewater, improvement of water protection in dispersed settlement areas, and investments to improve maritime safety and decrease the risks of oil spills.     

吉林省新生代玄武岩中红、蓝宝石矿找矿方向

通过收集前人资料和野外地质调查及地球化学分析,对中国东部发育红、蓝宝石矿的不同地区进行了对比研究,进而从寄主岩类型、寄主岩形成时代和火山机构四周发育的第四系沉积物特征角度,提出了吉林省应将伊舒带、敦密带、东宁-宽甸带作为首选的红、蓝宝石找矿方向。