深海沉积物中白云岩丰度长期变化的周期性表现

从地质记录中寻找周期是科学家最感兴趣的事情之一。最近，Hazen利Trefil（1991）提出了20条科学论点，并提到了地球上的所有事物都以周期模式运转．这个想法在最近对百万个不同的长期的陆地及防外时间序列的周期性分析中得到证实、尤其是RauP利Sepkoski（1984）关于海洋种群灭绝的周期是26Ma的断言引起了很大的争议。讨论集中在26Ma周期的统计稳定性及内在联系方面一对陆地（潮汐玄武岩，气候和海平面变化等）和陆外（冲击陨石坑）循环过程与周期性生物事件的内在联系的很多研究为“灾变循环”的可能出现提供了证据。然而，对这些记录里…     

The concentration and isotopic composition of carbon in basaltic glasses from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean

The abundance and 13C/12C ratios of carbon were analyzed in basaltic glass from twenty locations along the Juan de Fuca Ridge using a 3-step combustion/extraction technique. Carbon released during the first two combustion steps at 400-500 degrees C and 600-650 degrees C is interpreted to be secondary, and only the carbon recovered during a final combustion step at approximately 1200 degrees C is thought to be indigenous to the samples. For carbon released at approximately 1200 degrees C, glasses analyzed as 1-2 mm chips contained 23-146 ppm C with delta 13C values of -4.8 to -9.3%, whereas samples crushed to 38-63 microns or 63-90 microns yielded 56-103 ppm C with delta 13C values of -6.1 to -9.2%. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of the primary carbon dissolved in the glasses and present in the vesicles are similar to those previously reported for other ocean-ridge basalts. The Juan de Fuca basaltic magmas were not in equilibrium with respect to carbon when they erupted and quenched on the sea floor. Evidence of disequilibrium includes (1) a large range of carbon contents among glasses collected at similar depths, (2) a highly variable calculated carbon isotopic fractionation between melt and vapor determined by comparing crushed and uncrushed splits of the same sample, and (3) a lack of correlation between vesicle abundance, carbon concentration, and depth of eruption. Variations in carbon concentration and delta 13C ratios along the ridge do not correlate with major element chemistry. The observed relationship between carbon concentrations and delta 13C values may be explained by late-stage, variable degrees of open-system (Rayleigh-like) degassing.     

分量式钻孔应变观测数据的解释

一、引言我国开展分量式钻孔地应力(应变)观测已经有30多年的历史,获得了大量宝贵的观测数据。目前,第二代分量式应变观测系统(例如RZB-1型电容式应变仪),已经将观测精度提高到10~(-10)。但是,如何处理和解释这些资料,从中提取出可靠的地应力信息,尽管已经有不少作者进行过论述,但仍然是一个没有得到完善解决的问题。例如至今还没有文献阐述观测资料与理论固体潮是否符合,因而不能说明观测结果的可靠性。这个     

观测应变阶在地震应力触发研究中的应用

对中国钻孔应变台网观测到的昆仑山口西MS8.1大地震的应变阶资料的研究结果表明:① 很多观测值与静力位错理论计算值不符合；② 北方地震较活跃地区的很多台站观测到异常大的应变阶，而南方构造运动较不活跃地区的台站虽然也观测到地震波动，但是应变阶不明显. 由此推断，地震的触发（可能是动态触发）作用对远场的实际地震应变变化具有重要影响. 也就是说，远场的构造活动（可能是断层活动）是否曾被地震触发，可能决定当地的应变场变化的主要特征. 进一步对昌平台1999年3月11日张北地震与1999年11月1日大同地震的观测资料对比分析表明:断裂带的分布情况对实际地震应变变化有直接影响. 这证明观测到的异常大的地震应变阶可能是地震触发了当地的断层活动的表现.      

Developments of borehole strain observa- tion outside China

Introduction The Earth′s crust deforms in the regional tectonic stress field. Borehole strain observation isone important means for studies on the crustal deformation and the stress field. QIU and ZHANG(2002) have introduced the current situation of borehole strain observation in China. OutsideChina, early in September of 1968, Sacks of Carnegie Institution of Washington and Evertson ofUniversity of Texas firstly invented a borehole dilatometer in the world (Sacks, Evertson, 197…     

印尼苏门答腊大地震中国钻孔应变台网整点值记录资料

2004年12月26日北京时间08时56分，印尼苏门答腊西北海域发生了8．7级地震。震后不到3个月，即2005年3月29日，在原震区东南约200km处又发生了8．5级地震。这次地震是全球百年以来发生的最大地震之一，也是1964年美国阿拉斯加地震后全球发生的最大地震。     

用钻孔应变观测研究北京地区活断层的现今活动

研究断层活动性的主要目的之一是了解地震危险性,与地震危险性最直接相关的是现今的断层活动情况.如果对当地断层分布和性质有比较清楚的了解,那么就可以根据位错理论用钻孔应变仪观测资料反演断层活动.用遗传算法进行这种反演可以在进行全局搜索的同时大大提高计算效率.北京地区的活断层研究程度比较高,同时有比较密集的钻孔应变观测台站.利用2003-2005年钻孔应变观测资料对北京地区活断层活动的初步尝试性反演表明,在此期间顺义-良乡断层北段和南口-孙河断层东南段的活动可能起主导作用,活动程度与小震活动有关系.     

SAR海洋影像的小波表达方法

小波分析可以作为地球物理研究工作的一个工具。通过连续小波变换和离散小波变换得到了检验。在这两种变换中，利用一些不同的计算过程有可能实现波形的分解和复原。每个计算过程的理论背景都利用一些特殊的“小波”作了简单的描述和应用，所用的小波基于高斯函数，同时它提供了满足“时间与频率”（空间位置与波数）局部分析不确定性下界。这种表示方式非常适合于那些非平衡过程的波形分析，通过扩张Ｆｍ－ｃｈｉｒｐ波形和两个不同     

A model of cells as practical approach to simulate spring flow in the Itxina karstic aquifer, Basque Country, Spain

The aim of this study is to apply a parsimonious hydrologic model to the Itxina karstic aquifer that can predict changes in discharge resulting from variable inputs (recharge). The Itxina Aquifer was divided into four cells corresponding to different recharge areas. Each cell was treated as a tank to characterize the conditions within the cell. In the model, when the reservoir boundaries coincide with the position of the siphons, the signal simulated is sensitive to input pulses of the recharge. This supports the hypothesis that the siphons are the controlling mechanism in the flow system of the aquifer. The good agreement between predicted and measured discharges demonstrates the ability of the model to simulate the flow in the Itxina Aquifer. These results demonstrated that the hydraulic conductivity increases downstream within the aquifer. The hydraulic conductivities obtained by calibration varied between 4.2 x 10(-3) m/s upstream of the aquifer, 6.0 x 10(-2) m/s in the central region, and 9.5 x 10(-1) m/s in the lower region of the aquifer. These values seem reasonable because the underground features in the principal caves show that the density of caves increases downstream in the Itxina Aquifer. The simple representation of the system produced results comparable to traditional ground water models with fewer data requirements and calibration parameters.