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1.
Praveen Kumar Peter Guttarp Efi Foufoula-Georgiou 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1994,8(3):173-183
We present a statistically robust approach based on probability weighted moments to assess the presence of simple scaling in geophysical processes. The proposed approach is different from current approaches which rely on estimation of high order moments. High order moments of simple scaling processes (distributions) may not have theoretically defined values and consequently, their empirical estimates are highly variable and do not converge with increasing sample size. They are, therefore, not an appropriate tool for inference. On the other hand we show that the probability weighted moments of such processes (distributions) do exist and, hence, their empirical estimates are more robust. These moments, therefore, provide an appropriate tool for inferring the presence of scaling. We illustrate this using simulated Levystable processes and then draw inference on the nature of scaling in fluctuations of a spatial rainfall process. 相似文献
2.
Many of the relationships used in coupled land–atmosphere models to describe interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere have been empirically parameterized and thus are inherently dependent on the observational scale for which they were derived and tested. However, they are often applied at scales quite different than the ones they were intended for due to practical necessity. In this paper, a study is presented on the scale-dependency of parameterizations which are nonlinear functions of variables exhibiting considerable spatial variability across a wide range of scales. For illustration purposes, we focus on parameterizations which are explicit nonlinear functions of soil moisture. We use data from the 1997 Southern Great Plains Hydrology Experiment (SGP97) to quantify the spatial variability of soil moisture as a function of scale. By assuming that a parameterization keeps its general form the same over a range of scales, we quantify how the values of its parameters should change with scale in order to preserve the spatially averaged predicted fluxes at any scale of interest. The findings of this study illustrate that if modifications are not made to nonlinear parameterizations to account for the mismatch of scales between optimization and application, then significant systematic biases may result in model-predicted water and energy fluxes. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents an overview and synthesis of an extensive research effort to characterize and quantify scale invariances in the morphology and evolution of braided rivers. Braided rivers were shown to exhibit anisotropic spatial scaling (self-affinity) in their morphology, implying a statistical scale invariance under appropriate rescaling of the axes along and perpendicular to the main direction of flow. The scaling exponents were found similar in rivers of diverse flow regimes, slopes, types of bed material and braid plain widths, indicating the presence of universal features in the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of their spatial structure. In regions where predominant geologic controls or predominant flow paths were present, no spatial scaling was found. Regarding their spatiotemporal evolution, braided rivers were found to exhibit dynamic scaling, implying that a smaller part of a braided river evolves identically to a larger one provided that space and time are appropriately normalized. Based on these findings, and some additional analysis of experimental rivers as they approach equilibrium, it was concluded that the mechanism bringing braided rivers to a state where they show spatial and temporal scaling is self-organized criticality and inferences about the physical mechanisms of self-organization were suggested. 相似文献
4.
Fabian Josef Winterberg Efi Meletlidou 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2004,88(1):37-49
We consider Hill's lunar problem as a perturbation of the integrable two-body problem. For this we avoid the usual normalization in which the angular velocity of the rotating frame of reference is put equal to unity and consider as the perturbation parameter. We first express the Hamiltonian H of Hill's lunar problem in the Delaunay variables. More precisely we deduce the expressions of H along the orbits of the two-body problem. Afterwards with the help of the conserved quantities of the planar two-body problem (energy, angular momentum and Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector) we prove that Hill's lunar problem does not possess a second integral of motion, independent of H, in the sense that there exist no analytic continuation of integrals, which are linear functions of in the rotating two-body problem. In connection with the proof of this main result we give a further restrictive statement to the nonintegrability of Hill's lunar problem. 相似文献
5.
Fabian Josef Winterberg Efi Meletlidou 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2004,88(4):415-420
Volume Contents
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 相似文献6.
7.
Efi Meletlidou 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2000,78(1-4):161-166
We consider a one-dimensional non-degenerate Hamiltonian system perturbed by a periodically time dependent non-Hamiltonian vector field and show that the non-vanishing of the Melnikov subharmonic function is strongly related to the non-existence of an analytic integral in the perturbed system. 相似文献
8.
Efi Meletlidou Galina Stagika Simos Ichtiaroglou 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2005,91(3-4):323-335
The structure of the resonance zone in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems is studied by a more general method than the
pendulum approximation. This method applies to the case of a non-degenerate integrable part in the Hamiltonian. This problem
may be overcome in a class of galactic-type polynomial potentials, in the case where the higher-order term is by itself integrable.
An illustrative example is worked out. 相似文献
9.
Bedform effect on the reorganization of surface and subsurface grain size distribution in gravel bedded channels 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Arvind Singh Michele Guala Stefano Lanzoni Efi Foufoula-Georgiou 《Acta Geophysica》2012,60(6):1607-1638
Quantification of river bedform variability and complexity is important for sediment transport modeling as well as for characterization of river morphology. Alluvial bedforms are shown to exhibit highly nonlinear dynamics across a range of scales, affect local bed roughness, and vary with local hydraulic, hydrologic, and geomorphic properties. This paper examines sediment sorting on the crest and trough of gravel bedforms and relates it to bed elevation statistics. The data analysed here are the spatial and temporal series of bed elevation, grain size distribution of surface and subsurface bed materials, and sediment transport rates from flume experiments. We describe surface topography through bedform variability in height and wavelength and multiscale analysis of bed elevations as a function of discharge. We further relate bedform migration to preferential distribution of coarse and fine sediments on the troughs and crests, respectively, measuring directly surface and subsurface grain size distributions, and indirectly the small scale roughness variations as estimated from high resolution topographic scans. 相似文献
10.
Robust classification for the joint velocity‐intermittency structure of turbulent flow over fixed and mobile bedforms
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Christopher J. Keylock Arvind Singh Jeremy G. Venditti Efi Foufoula‐Georgiou 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(13):1717-1728
Two datasets of turbulence velocities collected over different bedform types under contrasting experimental conditions show similarity in terms of velocity‐intermittency characteristics and suggest a universality to the velocity‐intermittency structure for flow over bedforms. One dataset was obtained by sampling flow over static bedforms in different locations, and the other was based on a static position but mobile bedforms. A flow classification based on the velocity‐intermittency behaviour is shown to reveal some differences from that based on an analysis of Reynolds stresses, boundary layer correlation and turbulent kinetic energy. This may be attributed to the intermittency variable, which captures the local effect of individual turbulent flow structures. Locations in the wake region or the outer layer of the flow are both shown to have a velocity‐intermittency behaviour that departs from that for idealized wakes or outer layer flow because of the superposition of localized flow structures generated by bedforms. The combined effect of this yields a velocity‐intermittency structure unique to bedform flow. The use of a time series of a single velocity component highlights the potential power of our approach for field, numerical and laboratory studies. The further validation of the velocity‐intermittency method for non‐idealized flows undertaken here suggests that this technique can be used for flow classification purposes in geomorphology, hydraulics, meteorology and environmental fluid mechanics. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献