一种新的波浪变形三维数值模式──0-1混合型边界元

为提高边界元法模拟三维波场波浪变形的数值计算精度,借鉴常数元和线性元剖分方式、波势函数及波势函数法向导数对单元节点设定的各自适应性,提出了一种新的单元剖分模式──0-1混合型边界元,以控制和减缓由于计算误差累计而造成的波浪数值计算上的“横向振动”,借此结合边界元法的分区模式可实现较大范围的波场线性波浪变形计算,并为时域内的波浪非线性变形计算提供时间步长的数值保证.     

Experimental study of reflection coefficient and wave forces acting on perforated caisson

The reflection coefficient and the total horizontal forces of regular waves acting on theperforated caisson are experimentally investigated. The empirical relationship between reflection coefficient and the ratio of the total horizontal forces acting on the perforated caisson to those on solid vertical walls with the relative chamber width, relative water depth and porosity of perforated wall, etc. are given. Moreover, the results of the ratio of the total horizontal forces are also compared with formulas given by Chinese Harbour Design Criteria and Takahashi, which may be useful for the practical engineering application.     

REE characteristics of the Fanshan alunite deposit in Zhejiang Province, China

1 Introduction Alunite [KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6] is a very important non-ferrous metal resource, so many countries throughout the world have made great investments in research on the mechanism of its formation, its geological characteristics and applications. O…     

Mapping the crustal thickness in southwest Japan using Moho-reflected waves

In this work we have tried to detect and collect later phases associated with the Moho discontinuity and use them to study the lateral variations of the crustal thickness in southwest (SW) Japan. We first compute synthetic seismograms for local earthquakes taking into account the focal mechanism solutions estimated from first motion polarity data. Then we compare the synthetics with the observed waveforms to detect the major later phases in seismograms of shallow crustal earthquakes in SW Japan. Taking the advantage of the high quality and great quantity of Hi-net waveform data now available throughout the entire Japan Islands, we have detected 1659 Moho-reflected phases (PmP and SmS) from shallow events in SW Japan. We estimated the crustal thickness in the study area using travel time differences between these later phases and the first P and S arrivals. Our results show that the Moho is deep in Chubu district and becomes shallower along the coastlines of the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean. A thinner crust appears in Osaka Bay and Awajii Island where the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M7.2) occurred.     

北祁连的形成与演化历史：来自河流沉积物地球化学及其碎屑锆石U Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成的证据

通过对发源于北祁连造山带北段、中段、南段河流沉积物地球化学与碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成的系统研究,确定河流沙、泥沙质微量元素平均组成与大陆上地壳平均值基本一致。一般沙质成分由于石英的稀释作用使其微量元素含量稍低于大陆上地壳平均值,泥沙质成分的微量元素含量一般稍高于大陆上地壳均值。北祁连造山带河流碎屑沉积物As、Sb、Cu、Zn等元素的平均含量明显高于大陆上地壳的平均含量,可能指示北祁连硫化物矿床成矿具有良好的前景。河流碎屑沉积物Sm-Nd同位素组成得到的Nd亏损地幔模式年龄为1.89~1.12Ga,平均为1.68Ga;北段、中段河流沙质部分的Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄比相对较细的泥沙质部分的老,说明河流近源古老地壳基底组分更多;而南段的部分河流则相反,说明近源有更多的新生地壳组分。锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,北祁连造山带最强的岩浆作用发生于新元古代—晚古生代早期(650~400Ma),此期间形成的锆石占全部锆石的31%,它们主要记录了北祁连洋壳的俯冲消减、陆-陆碰撞及碰撞后的壳内岩浆作用过程。太古宙古老基底组分在北祁连造山带存在,但所占比例极低,它们可能以碎屑组分存在于古元古代的北大河岩群等变质基底中。新太古代到古元古代(2700~1700Ma)期间形成的锆石占全部锆石的~34%,此期间是北祁连基底的主要形成阶段。古元古代末到新元古代(1700~650Ma)期间形成的锆石占全部锆石的17%,它们可能代表着古祁连洋盆的主要形成阶段。锆石Hf同位素组成确定的北祁连由亏损地幔增生物质到地壳主要发生于3.2~2.0Ga、2.0~1.0Ga这两个时间段,650Ma以后基本没有增生地壳组分的加入。不同地段河流碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄有些差别,北段的北大河中最老基底组分所占比例最高,而南段河流中的古老基底组分比例相对较低,印证了古祁连洋是从东南向西北拉开的过程,西北段在俯冲消减及碰撞过程中有较多古老地壳基底组分的参与。晚古生代晚期—三叠纪期间北祁连仍存在较弱的岩浆作用。由Nd同位素比值与Nd含量、Na_2O/K_2O比值之间的关系进一步证明北祁连河流沉积物是最古老的基底长英质组分、较老的基底镁铁质组分或其熔融产物、古祁连洋壳镁铁质组分或其熔融产物三者混合的产物。     

GPS-RTK高程在机场控高测量中的应用

介绍GPS-RTK高程在机场控高测量中的应用,分析了平面拟合与简单多项式拟合的差别,探讨了似大地水准面在广州市区域内精化的问题,为RTK应用于城市规划管理工作积累了有益的经验。     

基于ANSYS软件benchmark模型耗能减振控制分析

本文系统介绍了当前国际结构振动控制的公共平台———Benchm ark模型,首次给出使用通用有限元软件ANSYS对第3阶段20层非线性钢框架抗震结构的有限元建模,结果表明,模态、无控地震反应分析结果和ASCE给出的MATLAB结果相同。利用粘滞阻尼器对此模型的耗能减振数值仿真分析的结果表明:粘滞阻尼器是一种性能很好的阻尼器,使用本文给出ANSYS的Benchm ark有限元模型来进行耗能减振控制分析是方便的、可行的。     

变结构滑行艇斜浪航行耐波性数值分析

为改善传统滑行艇在波浪环境中耐波性问题,提出了一种兼具快速性与耐波性的变结构滑行艇,通过收放两侧片体实现滑单体形态与三体形态之间自由转换。为分析片体在斜浪航行中的减摇效果,采用数值方法对滑行艇2种形态在斜浪航行中的耐波性进行对比分析,结果表明：片体能够起到减横横摇作用,且其减横摇效果在单体形态的共振区域内最明显,在βw=60°时,片体最多能减少70.45%的横摇幅值。     

环莫干山民宿的时空分布特征与成因

民宿是中国乡村振兴和旅游转型升级过程中涌现出的新兴业态和空间利用方式,但学术关注滞后。环莫干山地区是目前中国最典型的民宿发展集聚区之一。本研究通过官方统计资料和实地调研获取环莫干山民宿空间发展数据,构建了ArcGIS和地理探测器结合的民宿空间过程分析方法,基于目的地的微观尺度系统地探讨环莫干山民宿时空分布特征和成因。研究发现：① 2011—2017年环莫干山民宿呈现出逐年增长的态势,空间分布范围不断扩大,空间发展方向出现较大变化,逐渐趋向镇域均衡性发展。目前已经在莫干山风景区毗邻村域形成以“后坞-仙潭-燎原-劳岭-兰树坑”为中心的环莫干山面状核心集聚区和边缘村域多点集聚的民宿空间发展结构。不同档次民宿的时空发展趋势具有一定差异。② 环莫干山民宿的空间过程由集聚到强烈集聚,不同档次民宿的集聚程度均呈现出快速提升的趋势。空间发展过程中早期民宿集聚点扩散效应显著。空间集聚过程与地形地势、核心风景区、交通干线和居民点密切相关。③ 风景景观、发展基础、社会因素和区位因素是环莫干山民宿景观格局异质性的重要决定因素维度,但不同等级民宿的空间决定因素维度和指标差异性显著,两因素维度交互作用对于民宿的空间影响力更为显著。研究对于丰富接待业空间选址的类型研究,总结中国典型民宿集聚区空间发展模式具有重要理论意义,同时对于民宿产业选址和民宿集聚区规划实践具有一定现实意义。     

Growth and feeding habits of invasive Pseudorasbora parva in the Chabalang Wetland(Lhasa,China) and its trophic impacts on native fish

In recent years, fish invasion has become one of the main reasons for the decline of nativefish stocks. Pseudorasbora parva is considered one of the major invasive species worldwide. The present study investigated the fish resources of the Chabalang Wetland(Lhasa, Tibet) during dif ferent seasons in2009 and 2013. Four hundred and twelve individuals were subsampled to estimate age, growth, and feeding habit of P. parva. Furthermore, food relationships between P. parva and the native Schizothoracinae fish were also examined. The results revealed a significant shift in species composition and community structure characterized by the disappearance of native fish and outbreak of non-native fish. The percentage of nonnative P. parva in the fish collections significantly increased from 33.64% in 2009 to 64.08% in 2013.The standard length(SL) ranged from 22.00 to 78.71 mm, and their age was 1–5 a. The von Bertalanf fy function was used to model the observed length-at-age data as Lt =112.19(1– e~(-0.1495(t +0.8012))) for females and as Lt =123.12(1– e~(-0.1500(t +0.7132))) for males. The results indicated that P. parva in Tibet has lower growth and mortality rates compared with that from the native ranges. Ninety-seven prey taxa belonging to 9 prey categories were identified in the gut of 38 P. parva. P. parva can be considered a generalized and opportunistic predator, competing with the native fish, especially Schizothorax o'connori, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi, and Ptychobarbus dipogon, for Bacillariophyta and Chironomid larvae.This is an important reason for the decline in native fish population.