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1.
Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input. 相似文献
2.
Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GAO Lei LI Daoji WANG Yanming YU Lihua KONG Dingjiang LI Mei LI Yun and FANG Tao State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):58-71
In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary. Except for NH4^+, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water (Dw) in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 (n=18). These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification. 相似文献
3.
In recent years, the red tide erupted frequently, and caused a great economic loss. At present, most literatures emphasize the academic research on the growth mechanism of red tide alga. In order to find out the characters of red tide in detail and improve the precision of forecast, this paper gives some new approaches to dealing with the red tide. By the extreme values, we deal with the red tide frequency analysis and get the estimation of T-times red tide level U (T) , which is the level once the consistence of red tide alga exceeds on the average in a period of T times. 相似文献
4.
FANG Tao LI Daoji YU Lihua LI Yun 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(2):161-170
We conducted ship-board incubation experiments to investigate changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under different phosphate concentrations and irradiances in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters in China. Under 100% natural irradiance the uptake rates of phosphate, silicate, and nitrate were accelerated at high phosphate levels (1.84 μM), while under low irradiance (about 50% natural irradiance) their uptake rates were restrained at the high but stimulated greatly at the intermediate phosphate concentrations (1.26 μM), as the growth of phytoplankton, changes in nitrite and ammonium uptake didn't follow an obvious pattern. Our results also showed that there were linear relationships between nitrate, silicate and phosphate uptake at different phosphate concentrations under low and high irradiances, and the growth period of phytoplankton was prolonged both at the high phosphate concentrations under high irradiance and at the intermediate concentrations under low irradiance, suggesting that the limitation of phytoplankton growth mainly reflected changes in its growth period, and because no such environment (low irradiance and low phosphate concentrations) actually existed in a high turbidity zone, phytoplankton blooms hardly occurred there. In the absence of irradiance, denitrification occurred readily and phytoplankton was kept decreasing, which resulted in phosphate regeneration. 相似文献
5.
Optical characterization of CDOM in a marsh-influenced environment in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lei Gao Daidu Fan Chengxing Sun Daoji Li Jingong Cai 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(3):643-658
To elucidate the influence of tidal marshes on the amount and chemical structure of chromophoric dissolved organic matter
(CDOM) in adjacent coastal waters, surface water samples were collected along three cross-marsh transects in tidal marshes
within the Changjiang Estuary. In addition, three sediment cores were collected from the marshes and incubated for 10 h in
the laboratory after adding overlying tidal waters. Nutrients, DOC, absorption, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM)
spectroscopy, and other parameters were measured in these samples, which clearly illustrated releases by the tidal marshes
of DOC, and CDOM absorbent and fluorescent molecules. To characterize the chemical nature of the marsh-derived CDOM, variations
in a suite of optical indices (including molar absorptivity, absorption spectral slope, fluorescence quantum yield, and fluorescence
ratios between certain excitation/emission locations) in these samples were plotted against the offshore distance of the stations
as well as the incubation time. From the literature, it has been suggested that these variations are closely associated with
molecular weight, aromaticity, and humic/fulvic or allochthonous/autochthonous ratios in the CDOM mixtures. This study showed
that the CDOM fluorophores changed to more humic-like and were less protein-like from sea to land across the marsh gradients.
Furthermore, subtractions between EEM spectra before and after laboratory incubations were applied to illustrate in greater
detail the properties of the pure fluorescent compounds exchanged at the sediment–overlying water interface. 相似文献
6.
Estuarine ecosystem has greatly changed in the recent decades due to anthropogenic perturbations in the Changjiang Estuary. Change patterns and impact factors were analyzed based on the continuous data... 相似文献
7.
针对靠岸舰船难以检测的问题,提出了一种直线特征辅助的靠岸舰船检测方法。首先利用高精度的卷积神经网络目标检测算法YOLOv3对影像进行粗检测,获取可能存在舰船目标的区域作为兴趣区域;然后提取影像的直线特征,将直线的方向作为确定舰船方向的辅助信息;最后利用具有一定角度的滑动窗口遍历兴趣区域获取候选目标,并对侯选目标进行二次分类和识别得到最终检测结果。利用不同港口的遥感影像进行实验的结果表明,提出方法能够有效检测港口内多种方向和并列停靠的舰船目标。 相似文献
8.
长江口及毗邻海域粪大肠菌和细菌总数在夏秋季的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2005年夏、秋季对长江口及毗邻海域(长江口、杭州湾和舟山海域)进行了粪大肠菌群和细菌总数的调查研究,并分析了近10年来的变化趋势,结果表明:夏季长江口及毗邻海域表层水体分大肠菌数平均值20个/L,仅长江口的西部海域粪大肠菌群数量在40~80个/L之间,其余海域基本未检出;秋季表层水体粪大肠菌群数量平均为101个/L,变幅范围为20~24000个/L,其中横沙一带海域存在1个数量为105个/L以上的高值区;夏季长江口及毗邻海域表层水体细菌总数平均为6.4×102cfu/mL,变幅范围为2.0×102~7.3×103cfu/mL,高值区位于舟山群岛以东海域、长江口的中北部及南部等海域,细菌总数在103cfu/mL以上;秋季表层水体细菌总数平均为4.7×103cfu/mL,明显高于夏季,变幅范围为1.3×103~1.8×104cfu/mL,高值区主要出现在长江口东南部、杭州湾西部、舟山海区的中北部等海域,细菌总数在104~105cfu/mL之间;1996—2005年期间,全海域及各海区粪大肠菌群数量在1999年均达到最高,然后逐渐下降,在1996—1999年间海域的细菌数量呈明显的上升趋势,2000年以后数量逐渐减少,估计与海域的有机污染程度下降有关。 相似文献
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