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1.
Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics
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A possible effective stress variable for wet granular materials is numerically investigated based on an adapted discrete element method (DEM) model for an ideal three‐phase system. The DEM simulations consider granular materials made of nearly monodisperse spherical particles, in the pendular regime with the pore fluid mixture consisting of distinct water menisci bridging particle pairs. The contact force‐related stress contribution to the total stresses is isolated and tested as the effective stress candidate for dense or loose systems. It is first recalled that this contact stress tensor is indeed an adequate effective stress that describes stress limit states of wet samples with the same Mohr‐Coulomb criterion associated with their dry counterparts. As for constitutive relationships, it is demonstrated that the contact stress tensor used in conjunction with dry constitutive relations does describe the strains of wet samples during an initial strain regime but not beyond. Outside this so‐called quasi‐static strain regime, whose extent is much greater for dense than loose materials, dramatic changes in the contact network prevent macroscale contact stress‐strain relationships to apply in the same manner to dry and unsaturated conditions. The presented numerical results also reveal unexpected constitutive bifurcations for the loose material, related to stick‐slip macrobehavior. 相似文献
2.
为了揭示黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质的差异,于2018年7月25日~8月2日,在湿地公园内,在天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、林地、旱田和水田中设置采样地,采集不同深度(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤样品的物理、化学和生物指标。研究结果表明,白渔泡国家湿地公园不同采样地土壤指标存在差异;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,其它采样地土壤的含水量明显偏低,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有机质含量都明显偏小,水田土壤速效磷含量偏大;天然芦苇沼泽土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都高于林地和农田土壤,水田0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于旱田和林地;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,旱田土壤小于0.25 mm的小团聚体含量偏大,而其它采样地土壤的各粒级团聚体的比例变化较小,水田土壤团聚体平均重量直径比天然芦苇沼泽和旱田土壤低。 相似文献
3.
西秦岭温泉花岗岩体岩石学特征及岩浆混合标志 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9
温泉花岗岩体由酸性端元的寄主岩石和暗色微细粒镁铁质包体群及基性岩墙群组成。无岩浆混合作用或岩浆混合作用较弱区段,寄主岩石以似斑状二长花岗岩为主.显示正常的花岗岩结构构造岩浆混合作用强烈区段。岩石的异常结构构造十分发育.矿物之间自形程度差异显著.常见包晶反应、包含结构、交代边、熔蚀边、交代蚕食的港湾状结构构造及交代缝合线、矿物镶边、斜长石异常环带和矿物残留等,多见指示岩浆混合的标志性矿物针状磷灰石。暗色微粒包体中多见寄主二长花岗岩中的捕掳晶。包体的形态、结构构造以及与寄主岩石强烈地成分交换等均是岩浆混合作用的标志。 相似文献
4.
CATASTROPHIC ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE SONGNEN PLAIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA SINCE 1900S 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
WANGHai-xia WANZhong-juan YUShao-peng LUOXin-zheng SUNGuang-you 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):179-185
Although the Songnen Plain in the northeastern China was developed relatively late in the temperate zone of the world, its eco-environment has changed greatly. This paper analyzes the changes of land cover and the rates and trends ofdesertification during the past 100 years in the Songnen Plain. According to the macroscopic analysis, we find that the eco-environment in the plain has reached to the threshold of catastrophic change since the 1950s. The Thorn Needle Catastrophic Model was used to determine and validate this conclusion. Human activities, including large-scale construction projects, such as huge dams and dikes, and excessive grazing were the primary factors contributing to regional eco-environmental catastrophe. And irrational reclamation of the wilderness also affected the eco-environmental change. The results reveal the complex human-land interactions. 相似文献
5.
较详细地研究了无规取向、无吸收椭球体粒子的T-矩阵收敛问题。首先,简要概括了nmax的3种收敛方案和它们的基本特性。然后,应用1993年提出的数学收敛方法(M-方法)和1998年提出和物理收敛方法(P-方法)研究收敛问题。结果表明椭球粒子收敛精度对粒子的尺度参数,纵横比以及椭球体的种类(例如,长/扁椭球)有很强的依赖性。当粒子的尺度参数不太大时,甚至在极端纵横比的条件下,P-收敛方案优于M-收敛方案。 相似文献
6.
探讨用遗传算法对数学模型进行优化。考虑到控制系统稳健性的要求 ,用遗传算法寻找出控制系统最佳稳定域 ,实现控制系统数学模型的寻优。阐述了用遗传算法求解问题的步骤和参数的取值 ,并用仿真实验对优化结果进行了检验。结果表明 :在控制系统数学模型的优化中 ,遗传算法具有其他算法无可比拟的优越性。 相似文献
7.
关于非球形粒子光散射的T-矩阵数值计算方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首先介绍了无规取向轴对称非球形粒子光散射的T-矩阵数值方法。然后,进一步研究了T-矩阵计算的收敛问题,提出了一种新的关于无规取向无吸收非线形散射物体的物理收敛方法,我们研究了椭球粒子的收敛问题,结果表明我们的数值方法和T-矩阵计算程序是有效的, 收敛精度与粒子的尺度和形状有很强的依赖性,在一定的条件下,我们的物理收敛速度优于NASA Mishchenko的数学收敛速序。 相似文献
8.
Observation of fluid parcel pathways in the Kuroshio Stream revealed a striking crossstream pattern associated with the Kuroshio‘‘ s meanders. In order to understand the observed pattern, a two-dimensional kinematic model of a meandering jet was developed which could be used to examine the relationship between streamfunction patterns and fluid parcel trajectories. The experiments designed to investigate the dependence of the water exchanges between the Kuroshio water and its surroundings on the characteristics of the Kuroshio‘‘s meanders involved the downstream speed,phase speed and the amplitude of other propagating waves. The results suggested that fluid parcels could cross the meandering jet to and fro; and that the water exchanges between the Kuroshio and its surroundings increased with a) increasing meander amplitude, b) decreasing downstream speed, and c) increasing wave phase speed. The results also showed that when the meandering jet was disturbed by other propagating waves, more effective water exchanges could be induced. 相似文献
9.
For a Hamiltonian that can be separated into N+1(N\geq 2) integrable parts, four algorithms can be built for a symplectic integrator. This research compares these algorithms for the
first and second order integrators. We found that they have similar local truncation errors represented by error Hamiltonian
but rather different numerical stability. When the computation of the main part of the Hamiltonian, H
0, is not expensive, we recommend to use S
* type algorithm, which cuts the calculation of the H
0 system into several small time steps as Malhotra(1991) did. As to the order of the N+1 parts in one step calculation, we found that from the large to small would get a slower error accumulation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
The moment method is used to solve the radiative transfer problem in an anisotropic scattering plane medium with arbitrary space-dependent albedo(x). The results are compared with those obtained recently by Cengel and Özisik. 相似文献