北京云蒙山片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

应用锆石SHRIMP定年方法对云蒙山片麻状花岗岩进行年代学研究 ,得到 4组年龄 :14 4± 4Ma、16 0～ 16 3Ma、193～ 2 18Ma和 2 4 16Ma。其中 14 4± 4Ma代表了云蒙山岩体的侵位时间 ,16 0～ 16 3Ma和 193～ 2 18Ma两组年龄可能是岩浆侵位过程中捕虏锆石的年龄。 2 4 16Ma与Davis等的锆石U_Pb法上交点年龄 (190 0～ 2 4 0 0Ma)一致 ,可能反映了原岩的时代 ,说明该花岗岩来源于晚太古代片麻岩的局部熔融或者是岩浆侵位过程中捕获了晚太古代的锆石。     

Identification of Permian palaeowind direction from wave-dominated lacustrine sediments (Lodève Basin, France)

Lacustrine environments are an excellent indicator of continental palaeoclimate. In particular, the sedimentary record of waves in lakes may be used to constrain atmospheric palaeocirculation. Wave ripples have been identified in a Permian lacustrine basin (the Salagou Formation, 260–250 Ma, Lodève Basin) located in the southern French Massif Central, part of the western European Hercynian mountain chain. Wave ripple patterns are interpreted with regards to hydrodynamics and water palaeodepth. It is shown that, in the case of the Salagou Formation, wave ripple orientations were controlled by the direction of the prevailing palaeowind. The Late Permian wind blew from between north and 20° east of north, possibly over several millions of years and certainly throughout the period of deposition of about 2000 m of strata in the Lodève Basin. Permian lacustrine sedimentation is widespread and well preserved on the Earth's surface and so wave ripple data may help constrain numerical modelling of the Earth's past climates, especially with regards to Permian times outside of desert regions.     

Post-Collisional Transition from Subduction- to Intraplate-type Magmatism in the Westernmost Mediterranean: Evidence for Continental-Edge Delamination of Subcontinental Lithosphere

Post-collisional magmatism in the southern Iberian and northwesternAfrican continental margins contains important clues for theunderstanding of a possible causal connection between movementsin the Earth's upper mantle, the uplift of continental lithosphereand the origin of circum-Mediterranean igneous activity. Systematicgeochemical and geochronological studies (major and trace element,Sr–Nd–Pb-isotope analysis and laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar-agedating) on igneous rocks provide constraints for understandingthe post-collisional history of the southern Iberian and northwesternAfrican continental margins. Two groups of magmatic rocks canbe distinguished: (1) an Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene (8·2–4·8Ma), Si–K-rich group including high-K (calc-alkaline)and shoshonitic series rocks; (2) an Upper Miocene to Pleistocene(6·3–0·65 Ma), Si-poor, Na-rich group includingbasanites and alkali basalts to hawaiites and tephrites. Maficsamples from the Si–K-rich group generally show geochemicalaffinities with volcanic rocks from active subduction zones(e.g. Izu–Bonin and Aeolian island arcs), whereas maficsamples from the Si-poor, Na-rich group are geochemically similarto lavas found in intraplate volcanic settings derived fromsub-lithospheric mantle sources (e.g. Canary Islands). The transitionfrom Si-rich (subduction-related) to Si-poor (intraplate-type)magmatism between 6·3 Ma (first alkali basalt) and 4·8Ma (latest shoshonite) can be observed both on a regional scaleand in individual volcanic systems. Si–K-rich and Si-poorigneous rocks from the continental margins of southern Iberiaand northwestern Africa are, respectively, proposed to havebeen derived from metasomatized subcontinental lithosphere andsub-lithospheric mantle that was contaminated with plume material.A three-dimensional geodynamic model for the westernmost Mediterraneanis presented in which subduction of oceanic lithosphere is inferredto have caused continental-edge delamination of subcontinentallithosphere associated with upwelling of plume-contaminatedsub-lithospheric mantle and lithospheric uplift. This processmay operate worldwide in areas where subduction-related andintraplate-type magmatism are spatially and temporally associated. KEY WORDS: post-collisional magmatism; Mediterranean-style back-arc basins; subduction; delamination; uplift of marine gateways     

MEASURING AND MODELLING OF SOIL WATER DYNAMICS AND RUNOFF GENERATION IN AN AGRICULTURAL LOESSIAL HILLSLOPE

Surface runoff may be generated when the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity, or when the soil profile is saturated with water. Indications exist that both types of overland flow may occur in hilly agricultural loess regions. Here, for a loessial hillslope under maize in the southern part of The Netherlands, it was shown, with pressure head and runoff measurements, that Hortonian overland flow occurs during typical summer rain events. Surface runoff was initiated after saturation of the top 5–10 cm of the soil. Deeper in the soil, unsaturated conditions prevailed while runoff took place. Peak runoff discharges at the outlet of the subcatchment occurred a few minutes after peak rainfall intensities were measured. It appeared that SWMS_2D, a two-dimensional water flow model, was capable in simulating observed pressure head changes and runoff. Simulated potential runoff for the transect studied was higher by a magnitude of three than the measured areal average. This indicates effects of surface ponding, and the probable location of this particular transect in a region with high runoff production.     

南海头足类资源开发利用研究

南海头足类资源丰富 ,文献报道的种类有 89种。在水深 40m以浅海域分布数量较多的种类为杜氏枪乌贼Loligoduvaucelii(Orbigny) ,在水深 40m以深海域分布数量较多的种类为中国枪乌贼L .chinensis(Gray)。渔汛期为夏、秋季。统计历年生产资料表明 ,头足类的年产量和占渔获物比例有逐年上升的趋势。随着底拖网捕捞技术的提高 ,头足类的密度指数有所增加 ,但并不说明头足类的资源就很丰富。若不注意合理开发利用 ,将导致头足类资源的衰退。限制和废除损害头足类资源的渔具十分重要。     

STACKING OF P-SV SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA USING DIP MOVEOUT1

The moveout of P-SV mode-converted seismic reflection events in a common-midpoint gather is non-hyperbolic. This is true even if the medium has constant P- and SV-wave velocities. Furthermore, reflection-point smear occurs even along horizontal reflectors. These effects reduce the resolution of the zero-offset stack. In such a medium, the generalization of the dip moveout transformation to P-SV data can be calculated analytically. The resulting P-SV dip moveout operators solve the problem of reflection-point smear, and image any reflector regardless of dip or depth. The viability of this technique is demonstrated on synthetic and field data.     

高分辨率浅层人工地震勘探探测隐伏断裂实例

利用高分辨率浅层地震勘探反射波法探测了福建某火电厂场址内的隐伏断裂。结果表明断裂显示清楚,为一走向NE40~55°,上断点埋深为11 m和31 m,断距2~4 m的正断层,为工程避让提供较可靠的依据。     

对中国大陆壳体的放射性生热元素丰度的大地热流检验

本文作者据《中国大陆壳体的区域元素丰度》一文给出的壳体放射性生热元素铀、钍、钾的丰度，计算出中国大陆三个主要壳体的平均热流值，将其与实测大地热流平均值进行对比。结果表明计算值不满足实测大地热流值的约束，这意味着该文给出的铀、钍、钾的丰度值偏高。我们认为，根据区域地震剖面地震波速推断岩性，再利用出露地表的相应岩石的成分估计地壳或地幔放射性生热元素丰度的方法，缺乏十分可靠的理论或实验基础。同时该文给出的中国大陆壳体的其他强不相容元素的丰度值是否可靠也值得商榷。     

储层岩石表面接触角的不确定性研究

本文指出，储层岩石表面粗糙，非均质性及高的能量，使我们难以用接触角来量度它的润湿性质，由于储层岩石孔隙结构不符合毛管束模型，使得Laplace公式仅在表现接触角趋于2度或180度时可用于根据毛管压力曲线计算储层岩石的孔径分布，好在由于储层岩石表面粗糙使我们常常会遇到这一极端情况。