日本海西南陆坡全新世对马暖流演化的沉积学和地球化学记录

对日本海西南陆坡对马暖流主流轴下方高沉积速率沉积物柱状样,进行了沉积学和地球化学系统研究,以探讨全新世以来对马暖流在研究区的形成与演化,并得出了与附近地区古海洋学方法非常相近的结果,从而为今后研究区的对马暖流演化研究提供了沉积学和地球化学指标。据此,该柱状样中所记录的对马暖流演化可划分为5个主要阶段。全新世初期(9.6kaBP),对马暖流开始进入日本海,其强度较弱,同时,伴随着富营养东海沿岸水的影响,海底环境由还原性向氧化性转变;6.5kaBP时,对马暖流控制下的日本海南部现代对流模式最终建立起来,东海沿岸水的影响基本消失,随后,对马暖流明显减弱;3.0kaBP时,对马暖流再次增强并基本达到现在水平,且在随后的3ka里保持总体稳定,期间在2.0～0.7kaBP存在一次较弱的减弱过程。     

日本无针乌贼全人工养殖条件下生活史研究

自2004—2007年间对日本无针乌贼Sepiella japonica进行了室内全人工养殖。亲体经暂养、促熟、交配后,在投放的附着基上产卵。孵化水温20~26℃,盐度25.0~32.0。受精卵经17~26d破膜而出。刚孵化的幼体为浮游型,胴长约为4mm。开口饵料为动物性活饵,如枝角类、桡足类、强化卤虫。经90~120d培育达到性成熟。获得性成熟个体2万只,成活率可达60%,平均体重100g。最小性成熟个体胴体长50mm。日龄120d可产卵,产卵量300~500粒。     

Rare earth elements in bottom sediments of major rivers around the Yellow Sea: implications for sediment provenance

Rare earth elements (REEs) of 91 fine-grained bottom sediment samples from five major rivers in Korea (the Han, Keum, and Yeongsan) and China (the Changjiang and Huanghe) were studied to investigate their potential as source indicator for Yellow Sea shelf sediments, this being the first synthetic report on REE trends for bottom sediments of these rivers. The results show distinct differences in REE contents and their upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized patterns: compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), light rare earth elements (LREEs) are highly enriched in Korean river sediments, in contrast to Chinese river sediments that have a characteristic positive Eu anomaly. This phenomenon is observed also in primary source rocks within the river catchments. This suggests that source rock composition is the primary control on the REE signatures of these river sediments, due largely to variations in the levels of chlorite and monazite, which are more abundant in Korean bottom river sediments. Systematic variations in ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, and in (La/Yb)–(Gd/Yb)_UCC but also (La/Lu)–(La/Y)_UCC and (La/Y)–(Gd/Lu)_UCC relations have the greatest discriminatory power. These findings are consistent with, but considerably expand on the limited datasets available to date for suspended sediments. Evidently, the REE fingerprints of these river sediments can serve as a useful diagnostic tool for tracing the provenance of sediments in the Yellow Sea, and for reconstructing their dispersal patterns and the circulation system of the modern shelf, as well as the paleoenvironmental record of this and adjoining marginal seas.     

西菲律宾海26万年来古生产力变化的颗石藻证据

基于国际海洋古全球变化研究项目(IMAGES)在西菲律宾海本哈姆海台获取的高质量柱状沉积物岩芯MD06-3047(17°00.44′N、124°47.93′E),利用颗石藻下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda的相对丰度以及初级生产力转换函数,恢复了260 ka以来西菲律宾海上部水体营养跃层以及初级生产力的变化历史。发现该区域26万年以来初级生产力冰期-间冰期变化特征较不明显,冰期生产力平均值略高于间冰期。通过与前人已发表的指示东亚冬季风强弱的伊利石/蒙脱石记录和热带太平洋纬向表层海水温度梯度记录的对比,提出MIS 8期以来,热带西菲律宾海古生产力变化的主要受控因素在MIS 5a左右发生明显转变。在MIS 8后期至MIS 5a之间,初级生产力受到长期类ENSO过程的影响较为显著,当热带东西太平洋海水表层温度梯度较小的时期,认为热带太平洋处于类El Niňo状态,此时西菲律宾海营养跃层相对较浅,生产力较高,反之则相反。而在MIS 5末期至末次冰消期时段,生产力受东亚冬季风的影响相对于长期ENSO过程更强,可能掩盖了后者的古生产力信号。冰期东亚冬季风加强,一方面,可以引起上部水体混合加强,增加下部营养物质向上的输送,另一方面大量风尘物质的输入可以刺激颗石藻的生长;反之在冰消期,水体混合较弱,风尘输入显著减少,生产力也随之降低。     

西菲律宾海15万年以来碳酸盐含量变化及其控制因素

西菲律宾海本哈姆海台的MD06-3050柱状样岩心,上部15万年以来碳酸盐含量变化总体上显示为冰期低、间冰期高的"大西洋型"特征,碳酸盐含量的变化趋势与指示溶解作用强弱的粗组分含量以及有孔虫碎壳率指数总体上呈现相似性,碳酸盐含量虽然与有机碳含量变化趋势相似,但却与初级生产力变化存在较大的差异。该海区晚更新世的碳酸盐含量变化可能受到多个因素控制,其中,溶解作用对碳酸盐含量冰期-间冰期变化的影响最为明显;而溶解作用的发生可能与有机碳/碳酸钙雨率以及深部环流的流通有关。     

Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the Ulleung basin sediments,East Sea of Korea

Authigenic carbonates were sampled in methane-enriched piston core sediments collected from gas venting sites on the western continental slope of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea. Multidisciplinary investigations on these carbonates, including the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observations and mineralogical-geochemical compositions, were carried out to identify the carbon and oxygen sources and the forming mechanism of these carbonates. The authigenic carbonates from the study area correspond to semi-consolidated, compact concretions or nodules ranging from 2 to 9 cm in size. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses showed that most of the sampled carbonate concretions were composed of almost purely authigenic high-Mg calcite (10.7–14.3 mol% MgCO₃). Characteristically, microbial structures such as filaments and rods, which were probably associated with the authigenic minerals, were abundantly observed within the carbonate matrix. The carbonates were strongly depleted in δ¹³C (−33.85‰ to −39.53‰ Peedee Belemnite (PDB)) and were enriched in δ¹⁸O (5.16–5.60‰ PDB), indicating that the primary source of carbon is mainly derived from the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Such methane probably originated from the destabilization of the underlying gas hydrates as strongly supporting from the enriched ¹⁸O levels. Furthermore, the strongly depleted δ¹³C values (−60.7‰ to −61.6‰ PDB) of the sediment void gases demonstrate that the majority of the gas venting at the Ulleung Basin is microbial methane by CO₂ reduction. This study provides another example for the formation mechanism of methane-derived authigenic carbonates associated with gas-hydrate decomposition in gas-seeping pockmark environments.     

Progress in Research on Metallogenic Environment of Ferromanganese Crusts

大洋铁锰结壳是继大洋多金属结核之后出现的又一极具潜在经济价值的水下固体矿产(王毅民，1992)，富含Mn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni和Pt多种金属元素及非金属元素P，Co含量最高可达2.5%，是大陆含Co矿床的数倍到数十倍，铂的平均含量也是上地壳的80倍。据众多科学家的初步估计，仅太平洋西部火山构造隆起带上，铁锰结壳矿床的潜在资源量就达10亿t，其中Co金属含量可达600万～700万t，经济总价值超过1000亿美元(Klinkhammer et al.，1980；Halbach et al.，1984；DeCarlo et al.，1987；何高文等，2001)。这与全球陆地已探明Co资源总量仅为1 500万t相比，数量极为可观，并且结壳的产出水深多小于3000 m， 易于进行系统的、大量的样品采集，开采风险及开采时对环境的影响也较小。因此，近年来，随着世界经济的蓬勃发展和高新技术的开发， 对Mn、Cu、Co、Ni等元素的需求日益增大及由此所导致的陆地上这些资源的迅速枯竭，使人们纷纷将目光转向深海底矿产，加大了对海底铁锰结壳资源的研究力度和深度，其资源的经济地位也相应进一步提高。据专家预测，大洋铁锰结壳很可能会比大洋的金属结核率先实现商业性开采，并成为21世纪新兴的海洋矿产产业(Hein et al.，1998；潘家华等，1995)。 此外，结壳还有净化空气中SO2与NO2的氧化催化剂等用途，并且铁锰结壳成矿环境的研究，还具有较高的科学价值，可使科学家进一步深入了解和认识地内深部物源、海底水-岩反应、金属成矿富集过程及其中的微生物成矿作用乃至古海洋环境演变等问题，而这些问题迄今仍未得到完善解决，是当前地学和海洋学领域的研究热点。这就使铁锰结壳成矿环境的研究显得尤为重要。     

Late Holocene (~ 2 ka) East Asian Monsoon variations inferred from river discharge and climate interrelationships in the Pearl River Estuary

A sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) was analyzed for grain size and organic geochemistry parameters (TOC and δ¹³C_org). The results showed that high mean grain-size value and increased sand content were correlated with the high TOC and negative δ¹³C_org. These results indicated high river runoff in the PRE area. Peak river discharge occurred during the periods 1900–1750, 1500–1600, 1400–1200, 1000–900 and 750–600 cal yr BP. The main changes recorded in grain-size distributions, TOC contents, and δ¹³C_org variations appear to be directly related to monsoon precipitation in the sediment source area. An increased East Asian summer monsoon rainfall (EASM) and/or an enhanced East Asian winter monsoon rainfall could result in the increasing of monsoon rainfall. Typhoon related rainfalls could act as positive influence on precipitation levels. The study of the correlations between the rainfall records and ENSO activities revealed a close relationship between the monsoon rainfall in the PRE and the tropical Pacific variations. The frequent occurrence of ENSO might result in the southern migration of the EASM rain belt and lead to more typhoon-derived rainfall in the PRD during the late Holocene.     

24ka来冲绳海槽北部沉积物来源的高分辨率常量元素记录

为进一步了解冲绳海槽北部24ka来柱状沉积物的常量元素组成特征及其物源和古环境指示意义,对PC-1孔进行了402个常量元素和粒度及344个浮游有孔虫氧同位素的综合分析,其平均样品分辨率高达百年时间尺度。结果表明:沉积物中的主要常量元素含量表现出明显的3段式垂向变化特征,并记录到了7.3和12.7cal.kaBP时的两次火山事件;物源判别图解及R型因子分析则揭示出主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近陆源物质输入,而热液活动和海洋生物沉积作用及火山物质的影响较小。特别是不同陆源物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,与海平面波动及对马暖流形成演化间具有良好的耦合关系,但期间的典型古气候事件却并未明显改变沉积物中的陆源物质组成,从而为揭示24ka来冲绳海槽北部地区陆源物质输入演化历史,及其主要控制因素提供了新的高分辨率资料。     

海洋疣荔枝螺体外抗肿瘤活性

荔枝螺是福建海域常见食用螺类,古方记载和民间长期食用证实具有良好药用价值,但国内外对其生物活性物质的研究还较少.本研究以福建海域疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera)为研究材料,从疣荔枝螺消化腺部位获得抗癌组分E-EA-2,通过液相色谱、气质联用色谱分析发现其主要成分为6-溴靛红(6-bromoisatine),分子结构式C_8H_4BrNO_2.E-EA-2能有效抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7、人肝癌QGY-7703细胞增殖,药物浓度高于40μg/cm~3时,癌细胞存活率显著降低.E-EA-2能诱导肝癌细胞QGY-7703发生PARP蛋白剪切,加入泛caspase抑制剂使细胞存活率显著提高.同时,E-EA-2使MCF-7细胞核产生固缩,线粒体膜电位显著下降,凋亡细胞数量显著增加.E-EA-2对肝癌细胞QGY-7703的IC50为46μg/cm~3,对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的IC50为28μg/cm~3,对癌细胞的增殖抑制作用主要是以促凋亡方式实现的.