泾阳南塬蒋刘4#滑坡特征及成因机制

2016年3月6日,泾阳南塬蒋刘村发生了约2×104 m3的小型黄土滑坡。滑坡发生后,在对滑坡现场进行详细的地质调查基础上,结合无人机航测和三维激光扫描综合手段,对滑坡的基本特征及成因机理进行了初步分析。结果表明:长期引水灌溉是滑坡发生的基本条件;坡脚滞水软化作用、与灌溉渠较短的渗透距离、坡脚冻结黄土春季解冻是导致滑体发生的直接原因;底部饱和泥化黄土的铺垫及导流作用,是导致其滑程较远的根本原因。该类滑坡近几年来发生频率较高,为泾阳南塬滑坡演化后期的主要发生类型,具有一定的特殊性,值得深入研究。     

A new load balancing scheme on heterogeneous database cluster

IntroductionAlthoughthe development of cluster has gainedmore and more advantages of low-cost ,high-per-formance and high-availability computing, effi-cient resource usage such as CPU, memory andI/Ois still a keyto achieve better performanceincluster syst…     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

无人机在重大地质灾害应急调查中的应用

传统的地质灾害应急调查受限于地形、天气等外界条件,不能快速全面地获取灾害的详细信息,而无人机具有灵活性强、时效性高和不受复杂地形影响等特点,在地质灾害应急调查中有独特的优势。本文以“6·24”新磨村滑坡和“10·11”白格滑坡为例,阐述了无人机数据获取及处理流程,重点介绍了无人机获取的数字地形产品在地质灾害精确描述、定性及定量分析中的应用。结果表明：无人机摄影测量技术为重大地质灾害应急调查提供了更加科学高效的现场影像采集和遥感成果处理及应用方案,为应急救灾工作的顺利实施及分析研判提供了重要数据支撑,科学有效地保证了现场施工救援人员的安全。     

长期天气预报中有关预报因子的若干探讨

目前行之有效的长期天气预报方法都是数理统计方法。本文以江淮流域夏季旱涝的长期预报为例，对有关预报因子的几个问题作了探索。挑选有实际天气学意义、各自独立、单相关系数较高的物理因子作预报因子，更有利于提高预报准确率，预报因子的时间尺度以月、季平均值最为适宜，而以三个旬滑动平均值的效果最佳，建立各种预报量的初选、精选因子库，更适用于计算机技术制作长期预报。     

平湖油气田主断裂西部烃源评价及油源对比

平湖油气田主力含油气区位于平湖主断裂以东区域,油源主要来源于东部生烃凹陷的半封闭海湾暗色泥岩和煤层.公司于2011年11月在主断裂西部钻了一口探井XY井,目的是为探测主断裂西部含油气情况,扩大油气储量.结果钻遇油气层12m,测试获日产气14.66×104m3,日产油107.8 m3,取得了一定突破.为进一步评价西部含油气规模,钻后进行了油源对比研究,认为西部的油气主要是东部运移聚集的结果,西部源岩也有一定贡献.西部有形成一定规模油气藏的潜力.     

一种模拟韧性剪切带中椭球状标志体运动、变形的新方法

韧性剪切带中赋存的椭球状应变标志体(砾石、碎斑等)是研究剪切带运动学、动力学的重要应变标志体。传统研究中椭球状标志体通过对野外露头的观测或与实验岩石学结合,判断剪切带运动方向、探讨运动学和流变学特征。随着数值模拟技术在韧性剪切带中的引入和推广,国内外许多学者试图恢复椭球状标志体的运动轨迹和变形特征,并取得了显著的成果。然而,国内文献对于模拟韧性剪切带椭球状标志体的定量及模拟研究甚少,研究方法也鲜为介绍。基于此,针对韧性剪切带中椭球状标志体变形的最新研究进展,详细介绍建立在Jeffery理论和Eshelby理论之上的数值模拟思路和方法,并利用Mathcad软件模拟了给定条件下的椭球状标志体的运动轨迹、变形特征。     

荒漠,半荒漠地区建设铁路中风沙流防护体系的研究

荒漠、半荒漠地带铁路沙害的基本特征是沙侵道床、埋没轨道、磨蚀设备。因不同地带生态条件不同，引起铁路沙害可划分为四类九级。铁路沙害防护标准高，要求路基不风蚀、道床不污染、线路不积沙。根据沙害类型和生态条件，分有灌溉条件与无灌溉条件两种情况建立相适宜的经济防护体系，由前沿阻沙带、植物固沙带、铁路本体防护三部分组成     

生态遥感新锐——轻小型无人机的应用

基于研究对象视角梳理轻小型无人机遥感手段在生态学研究中的应用现状,重点分析了无人机在不同生态对象应用的优势和局限：优势主要在于其能够高灵活性、高分辨率地获取各生态对象的数据,为较大规模的生态研究提供了便利。在农田生态系统应用中主要关注农田信息检测、自动化农作等方面,但在这方面的应用还比较单一,缺乏更深层更全面的系统化应用;在森林草地中主要关注植被结构参数提取、生物量反演等,在数据采集过程中应注意设备的稳定性避免对数据准确性造成影响;城市生态系统主要集中在城市环境监测和测绘方面,同时城市方面飞控政策尚待完善;水生生态系统主要关注水生动植物监测和潮间带观测等,大规模监测也对设备续航和数据标准化处理提出了要求;动物研究应用中主要关注动物迁徙规律、物种分布等方面,在监测过程中需注意不要对动物栖息造成干扰。总的来说,无人机应用局限主要在于其获取的数据处理尚未标准化,飞控政策尚未成熟和硬件续航等方面。在此基础上探讨了未来无人机遥感在生态学研究的应用趋势：随着无人机智能化的软硬件发展和云端生态大数据的建立,无人机数据的获取和处理将更加智慧化,多源的无人机遥感数据将会更好地服务于生态学研究。     

Membrane preconcentration of iron in seawater samples and on-site determination in spectrophotometry

A novel method for on-site determination of trace iron was developed using membrane preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Fe(Ⅱ)-ferrozine complex was reacted with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form a Fe(Ⅱ)-ferrozine-CTAB paired compound, which was collected on a membrane by filtration under vacuum. The membrane was immersed in 2 mL of ethanol-nitric acid and the absorbance of the solution measured for quantitative analysis. Various factors affecting the iron collection and determination were investigated. With different sample preconcentration volumes, the range of determination was broadened to 0.5-120 g/L. The detection limit of this method reached 0.19 g/L and the recoveries were between 97.2 and 109% when the concentration enrichment was about 45. The relative standard deviation (n = 7) was 1.9% for samples containing 10 g/L Fe. Twelve seawater samples were analyzed on-site using the proposed method, and two were also analyzed in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No significant difference was shown between the two methods by the Student’s t-test. The method has also been used on-site for iron enrichment experiments with phytoplankton and concluded to be simple, accurate and inexpensive.