基于五种油源的中重度风化溢油的常规鉴定指标的应用效果评估

本文利用采集于我国三大油田的五种原油样品开展了长达210天的溢油风化模拟实验,并依据相对偏差和重复性限数学分析法,进行溢油风化过程分析和诊断比值应用效果评估。研究结果表明:经过210天的风化,溢油鉴定诊断比值发生明显改变;其中来源于萜烷、甾烷和多环芳烃的诊断比值变化率要远低于正构烷烃,可用于中长期风化溢油鉴定。此外,研究发现,在这些有效诊断比值中有4个变化率较小,相对偏差低于5%,保持了较好的稳定性,更适合于重度风化溢油鉴定。     

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Land Use Intensity of Coastal Zone in China During 2000–2010

Based on remote sensing and GIS techniques, land use maps in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in China′s coastal zone were produced, and structural raster data of land use were further generated to calculate land use intensity comprehensive index(LUICI) for analyzing land use spatial-temporal characteristics at 1 km scale. Results show that: 1) from the perspective of spatial patterns of landforms at a macro scale, there is a significant difference in land use intensity between the north and the south of China′s coastal zone. Hotspots of changes mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas, estuaries and coastal wetlands; 2) elevation is an important factor that controlling land use spatial patterns at local scale. Land use intensity is much higher within areas below the elevation of 400 m and it decreased significantly as the elevation increasing; 3) there is a significant land-ocean gradient for land use intensity, which is low in island and near-shore areas, but high in the regions that 4–30 km far away the coastline because of much intensive human activities; however, in recent decades land use intensity had been promoted significantly in low near-shore area due to extensive sea reclamations; 4) significant differences of land use intensity were also found among provincial administrative units. A rising trend of land use intensity was found in provincial-level administrative units from 2000 to 2010. To sum up, elevation, land-ocean gradient, socio-economic status and policy are all influencing factors to the spatial patterns and temporal variations of land use intensity in China′s coastal zone.     

数字化钻孔体应变干扰机理及异常分析

对山东省钻孔体应变仪数字化观测资料的干扰及突跳异常进行了分析、讨论，认为：(1)山东省四个台站的钻孔体应变观测资料不同程度地受降雨、地下水位、气压、温度的影响，其中，烟台台体应变观测受到的干扰最多，影响最显，主要与其钻孔的地质条件有关。(2)长清台体应变观测资料中出现的几次突跳异常是由井孔内破碎带处掉下的岩块引起的变化。     

胶东郭城地区脉岩类岩石地球化学特征及成岩构造背景

胶东海阳郭城地区高密度、高频率产出多种脉岩类岩石,主要包括辉绿岩(βμ)、煌斑岩(χ)、闪长岩(δ)、闪长玢岩(δμ)、花岗斑岩(νπ)、正长斑岩(ξπ)等,且脉岩与金矿密切伴生。为了探讨该区脉岩的成因、源区性质及成岩构造背景,本文通过岩石学和地球化学研究表明,该区脉岩总体属于钾质钙碱性系列,高Mg、Fe、Al,低Ti,来自深部同一岩浆源区,富集LILE和LREE,相对亏损HFSE,为弥散状角闪石相橄榄岩富集地幔部分熔融作用(9.52%)的产物。成岩过程中岩浆经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石、角闪石等暗色矿物以及少量斜长石的分离结晶作用,岩浆侵位过程中没有受到地壳物质的混染。脉岩形成于大陆板内环境,同时具有大陆弧钙碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征,暗示了在构造背景上与太平洋板块的俯冲作用及晚侏罗世至早白垩世华北地块岩石圈的区域性伸展—减薄机制有关,可能与郯庐断裂带在该时期的左行走滑引张关系更为密切。     

A spectral-velocity-based combination-type earthquake intensity measure for super high-rise buildings

A spectral-velocity-based combination-type ground motion intensity measure (IM), which is inspired by the superior sensitivity of spectral velocity to structural response compared with other two spectral quantities, is proposed for super high-rise building structures with the consideration of the characteristics of ground motions and structures themselves. Two super high-rise buildings with typical frame/core-tube/outrigger lateral resisting system and a wide range of structural height (H = 258 m~660 m) are deliberately selected to identify the correlation between the maximum inter-story drift ratio and nineteen IMs developed in recent decade together with the proposed IM, with sixty chosen far-field and near-field pulse-like ground motions. With the suggested optimal number of lower vibration modes and corresponding combination factors, the efficiency, sufficiency and the scaling robustness of the proposed IM is further demonstrated. In addition, the relative sufficiency measures of other IMs with respect to the proposed IM are investigated. The results from the study indicate that, the proposed IM is believed, from the standpoint of efficiency, sufficiency, relative sufficiency measure and scaling robustness, to be a more specialized and desirable tool for super high-rise buildings, either for far-field or near-field ground motions.     

1982—1999年珠江流域归一化植被指数与降水年际变化分析

利用1982—1999年月平均归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)和降水资料,采用经验正交函数(EOF)方法分别研究了珠江流域的NDVI和降水在年和年际尺度上的异常关系,并分析了NDVI与降水及其他一些气象因子的相关关系。研究发现流域NDVI和降水在年内异常上具有较好的空间一致性,在时间上具有1—2个月的滞后;年际尺度上两者异常空间差异明显,流域东部(下游)异常为负相关,西部(上游)异常为正相关。NDVI和各气候因子的相关关系存在明显的空间和季节差异:流域东部NDVI和降水负相关明显,和温度及太阳短波辐射正相关明显;流域西部NDVI和降水滞后正相关明显,和温度相关不明显;NDVI在夏季和降水呈显著负相关,在春、秋季节滞后于降水,呈明显正相关,且滞后3个月正相关最为明显。     

山东省地形变数字化与模拟观测资料的对比分析

对山东省水管仪，伸缩仪的数字化和模拟观测资料进行了对比分析，对资料的完整性，稳定性，可靠性进行了评价，并对资料的变化趋势，均值，方差一致性利用相关分析、t检验、F检验等方法进行了统计检验。观测资料在地震分析预报中的应用结果表明：（1）水管仪、伸缩仪数字化观测资料的完整性，稳定性和可靠性优于模拟观测资料，数字化观测可代替模拟观测；（2）水管仪、伸缩仪数字化和模拟观测资料的变化趋势一致性很好，均值、方差一致性较差，仅有个别测顶一致。（3）潮汐分析和非潮汐分析方法是识别强震前中短期和短临异常的可行方法。     

东海外陆架晚更新世沉积物中的有用重矿物及其资源潜力

对东海外陆架中部表层沉积物34个样品,南部两个岩心75个样品的沉积物特征和重矿物特征进行了分析,计算了其中有用重矿物砂的品位。东海外陆架晚更新世残留沉积中有用的重矿物砂来源于中国大陆,其含量与细砂含量、重矿物总量、沉积物的粒度和分选性呈正相关关系。重矿物砂赋存在海退层位中,形成于滨岸带,并经过后期海侵过程的改造和进一步富集,主要分布在水深100～200 m范围内。外陆架中部有用重矿物砂高品位异常区面积达1.2×10.4 km锆石和石榴石品位达到Ⅰ级异常。南部岩心中异常品位的有用重矿物砂的厚度1.5～2 m,锆石品位达到工业边界品位,研究区钛铁矿普遍出现Ⅱ级和Ⅱ级以上的异常品位。东海外陆架区浅海砂矿成矿条件较好,具有较大的资源潜力,值得进一步调查研究。     

The fluxes and controlling factors of N_2O and CH_4 emissions from freshwater marsh in Northeast China

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions were measured using a static chamber method in two adjacent plots of freshwater marsh predominated by Calamagrostis angustifolia, one is seasonal waterlogged (SW) and the other without surface water accumulation (NW), in Sanjiang Plain wetland (47°35′N, 133°31′E), northeast China, during 2002-2004. The diurnal and seasonal flux variations of both gases were significantly correlated with 5-cm-soil temperature. The NW marsh is a source of N2O and sink of CH4, wh...     

广西昆仑关A型花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义

昆仑关岩体位于广西南丹-昆仑关燕山期花岗岩带西南端, 岩石类型为黑云母花岗岩.岩相学及化学成分显示其属高钾钙碱性岩系, 具高硅、富碱和铝、低磷和钛的特点, SiO₂含量为68.13~72.61, K₂O/Na₂O比值介于1.28~1.69之间, 铝指数A/CNK=0.72~1.28, 属准铝质一强过铝质岩石.富集Ga、Rb、Th、U、Pb等元素, 而强烈亏损13a、Nb、Sr、P和Ti.稀土元素具明显负Eu异常, 总体呈现轻稀土富集的右倾"V"形配分模式.昆仑关古民单元锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年结果为93±1Ma, 形成于晚白垩世.矿物组成及地球化学特征确定了南丹-昆仑关花岗岩带是华南西南端一条重要的铝质A型花岗岩带, 控岩断裂构造为NW向南丹一昆仑关深大断裂.岩石学及主量和微量元素(含稀土)特征表明岩体侵位于后碰撞阶段的张性构造环境.结合研究范围在晚白垩世的构造背景及区域应力场匹配组合关系, 认为其与印度板块在该时期北移所引起的古太平洋板块高角度俯冲所导致的弧后拉张有关, 与浙闽沿海A型花岗岩或碱性岩分别代表了匹配构造体制下的两条A型花岗岩带.