Application of satellite infrared data for mapping of thermal plume contamination in coastal ecosystem of Korea

The 5900 MW Younggwang nuclear power station on the west coast of Korea discharges warm water affecting coastal ecology [KORDI report (2003). Wide area observation of the impact of the operation of Younggwang nuclear power plant 5 and 6, No. BSPI 319-00-1426-3, KORDI, Seoul, Korea]. Here the spatial and temporal characteristics of the thermal plume signature of warm water are reported from a time series (1985-2003) of space-borne, thermal infrared data from Landsat and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. Sea surface temperature (SST) were characterized using advanced very high resolution radiometer data from the NOAA satellites. These data demonstrated the general pattern and extension of the thermal plume signature in the Younggwang coastal areas. In contrast, the analysis of SST from thematic mapper data using the Landsat-5 and 7 satellites provided enhanced information about the plume shape, dimension and direction of dispersion in these waters. The thermal plume signature was detected from 70 to 100 km to the south of the discharge during the summer monsoon and 50 to 70 km to the northwest during the winter monsoon. The mean detected plume temperature was 28 degrees C in summer and 12 degrees C in winter. The DeltaT varied from 2 to 4 degrees C in winter and 2 degrees C in summer. These values are lower than the re-circulating water temperature (6-9 degrees C). In addition the temperature difference between tidal flats and offshore (SSTtidal flats - SSToffsore) was found to vary from 5.4 to 8.5 degrees C during the flood tides and 3.5 degrees C during the ebb tide. The data also suggest that water heated by direct solar radiation on the tidal flats during the flood tides might have been transported offshore during the ebb tide. Based on these results we suggest that there is an urgent need to protect the health of Younggwang coastal marine ecosystem from the severe thermal impact by the large quantity of warm water discharged from the Younggwang nuclear power plant.     

用一区域模式对九例西大西洋爆发性气旋的预报

1.引言在过去十年中,温带海洋迅速加强的气旋已受到了相当大的重视。这种重视相当大地受到早期业务模式在预报这种风暴所经受到的困难所刺激(Leary,1971等)。例如,Sanders 和 Gyakum(1980)曾发现:在1978和     

向公众传达地震风险:“拉奎拉7人”的审判

对意大利中部拉奎拉7名公职人员的审判和定罪,据称是因为在2009年4月6日地震之前对公众给出了令人误解的和不正确的信息,已被证明是最近一段时间在科学与减少灾害风险方面最重要的发展之一,同时也是最令人误解的事件之一。它突出地展现了将地球科学中普遍的带有不确定性特征的发现转换成保护普通公民的信息的困难。本文介绍有关在拉奎拉地震灾难中及随后的审判和法律诉讼程序中的那些情况。分析审判的政治、社会和科学方面,以及意大利和其他国家的科学家和他们单位的反应。我认为被告应是负有责任的公职人员,而不是科学家。意大利和国外大众媒体倾向于坚持审判的是预测地震的能力,这对各国科学家的意见也产生了极大地影响。然而,正如检察官所说,实际上审判的是用"不完整的、不准确的和相互矛盾的信息"误导公众导致明显地致命的后果。我相信对审判的很多国际反应是被有关诉讼程序的不完整的二手信息所误导。如果科学家们在他们自己的工作上以如此肤浅的方式做判断,结果也会非常不可靠,而公众对科学的信任将会直线下跌。     

Massive sedimentation of fine sediment with organic matter and enhanced benthic-pelagic coupling by an artificial dyke in semi-enclosed Chonsu Bay, Korea

To assess the impact of an artificial dyke in Chonsu Bay (CBD) on the organic carbon (C(org)) cycle, we measured excess (210)Pb activities, C(org) and nitrogen content in sediment cores. The C(org) oxidation rates (C(ox)) on the surface sediment and benthic nutrient fluxes were also quantified with an in situ benthic chamber. The higher excess (210)Pb inventory, C(org) and nitrogen in cores near the CBD indicated lateral transport and local, massive deposition of particulate matter due to tidal circulation altered by artificial dyke construction. The C(ox) in sediment near the CBD was about twice as high as that out of the bay, suggesting the importance of benthic remineralization of organic matter. The benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate were four to six times higher than those outside the bay, corresponding to 141% and 131% respectively, of the requirements for primary production.     

Organic diagenesis in sediment and its impact on the adsorption of bisphenol A and nonylphenol onto marine sediment

Hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine water are mostly adsorbed onto (partitioned into) sediment organic matter (SOM). To study the impact of SOM diagenesis on sediment adsorption properties, artificial sediment with rich SOM content was incubated for more than 120 days. The sediment was sampled every week, and batch sediment adsorption tests were conducted with bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) as the model pollutants. The results show that the amount of organic matter loaded in the sediment decreased by nearly 80% during incubation. For the incubated sediment, the BPA partition coefficient, Kd, decreased whereas the organic normalized partition coefficient, Koc, more than doubled. The experiments with NP show an even greater increase in Koc. Organic matter diagenesis shows a profound effect on the adsorption behavior of sediment, as the SOM residue has an increasing affinity and partition capacity for organic contaminants.     

黄海气旋数值模拟的可视化

对一次黄海气旋数值模拟进行了可视化研究, 给出了气旋云系、锋面、流场、涡度场的立体图像, 展示了可视化软件Live View在数值模拟研究中有广阔的应用前景.     

刘东生院士获2003年度国家最高科学技术奖

刘东生，1917年出生于辽宁沈阳市。1942年毕业于西南联合大学地质地理气象系，1980年当选为中科院院士，1991年当选第三世界科学院院士，1996年当选欧亚科学院院士，现为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员。     

美国全球地震数据服务的启示

本文从地震科学数据共享的角度,以最具影响力的3个因特网地震数据服务中心为例,分析了美国全球地震数据服务的状况,列举了它们的一些优点,可供我国推进地震数据共享参考。     

唐山地震的地学研究文献目录及分析

收集整理了国内外地球科学期刊上发表的有关1976年唐山7.8级大地震的学术论文目录,并对此参考文献集进行了分类和简单分析,进而展示唐山大地震发生30年来相关学术研究的进展情况,也谨以此文纪念这一历史性地震事件。     

地震预警技术研究中的参考文献

针对潜在破坏性大地震的早期预警系统已在几个发达国家或地区运行多年,并已积累了很多成功的经验。本文收集整理了国内外有关地震预警系统研究的参考文献,以供相关领域研究者参考之用。