2019年中国气候主要特征及主要天气气候事件

2019年我国气候总体呈现暖湿特征。全国年平均气温较常年同期偏高0.79℃,为1951年以来连续第五暖年,四季气温均偏高,春、秋季明显偏暖;年降水量为645.5 mm,较常年同期偏多2.5%,冬、春、夏季降水偏多,秋季偏少。华南前汛期开始早、结束晚,为1961年以来最长前汛期,雨量为1961年以来次多;西南雨季开始和结束均偏晚,雨量偏少;入梅晚、出梅早,梅雨量偏少;华北雨季开始晚,结束与常年一致,雨量偏少;东北雨季开始早、结束晚,雨量偏多;华西秋雨开始早、结束晚,雨量偏多。2019年,台风生成多,登陆强度总体偏弱,仅台风利奇马灾损重;暴雨洪涝、干旱、强对流、低温冷冻害和雪灾、沙尘暴等气象灾害均偏轻。     

郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移

依据走滑拉分盆地中盆地沉降（或抬升）速率与边界断层走滑速率之间的数值关系,通过对夹在郯庐断裂中段两分支断层间的潍北凹陷沉积埋藏史的恢复,间接求取郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移。潍北凹陷内不同构造位置4口井的埋藏史恢复结果表明：凹陷新生代经历了古近纪早、中期的快速沉降,古近纪末-新近纪初的抬升剥蚀和中新世以来的缓慢沉降3个阶段;各阶段的平均沉降速率分别为0.142 9、-0.072 8、0.032 5 km/Ma。通过对太平洋板块与欧亚板块间俯冲速率和方向变化的分析推断,中新世中期（39.5 Ma）太平洋板块由北西向俯冲转而变成正西向俯冲所产生的西南向应力分量是导致新生代郯庐断裂开始右行走滑的主要因素,且走滑活动持续至今。根据走滑活动发生和持续的时间,结合各个时期内潍北凹陷的沉降和抬升速率,计算出郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移量为15 km左右。     

Interannual Variations in Synoptic-Scale Disturbances over the Western North Pacific

The present study investigates the interannual variation of June–November synoptic disturbance activity over the western North Pacific(WNP) and its relationship with large-scale circulation for the period 1958–2014. Two leading modes of eddy kinetic energy for the disturbance variability over the WNP are obtained by EOF analysis, characterized by anomalous eddy kinetic energy over the subtropical WNP and around the Philippines, respectively. These modes explain a large portion of the interannual variance of synoptic disturbance activity over the WNP. Both are associated with lower-level cyclonic anomalies, but with different locations: over the subtropical WNP for the first mode and over the South China Sea for the second mode. Considering the impact of ENSO on synoptic disturbance activity over the WNP, we repeat the analyses after removing the effect of ENSO, which is simply defined as the components linearly regressed onto the Ni o3.4 index, and find similar results, suggesting that the leading modes and their relationships with large-scale circulation exist without SST effects.Further analyses suggest that the meridional shear of zonal winds caused by cyclonic anomalies is crucial for maintaining the leading modes through barotropic conversion.     

基于矢量的WebGIS用户响应时间问题的若干研究

在ＷｅｂＧＩＳ中,为了减少用户响应时间,需要对服务器端、数据传输、客户端的数据组织和操作进行各种处理,对响应的数据压缩、动态调度、缓存等技术手段作了分析和总结。     

藏北温泉盆地地热田水文地球化学特征研究

藏北温泉盆地地热资源丰富,但研究程度较低。为查明温泉盆地地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,揭示热循环机理,定量评估研究区热储温度、冷水混入比例、热循环深度等,利用温泉盆地地热田共18组温泉水样进行水化学分析,进行定量计算。结果表明:温泉盆地温泉水水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO3?SO4型。温泉盆地地下热水在向上运移过程中,受浅层地下水的混合作用影响,使得热水变为“未成熟水”。温泉水中文石、方解石等钙质热液的饱和度指数大于0。热储温度60.93~96.52 ℃,热循环深度3 238.06~5 215.28 m,冷水混入比例在20.97%~70.19%之间。硅-焓模型计算出未混入冷水时深部热储温度在81.94~167.26 ℃之间,热储循环深度4 405.56~9 145.56 m。      

BCC_CSM气候模式对风暴轴的模拟能力评估

本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料从不同角度评估了BCC_CSM气候模式对风暴轴的模拟能力。对于气候态的模拟,BCC_CSM气候模式可以准确地模拟出各季节风暴轴主体的强度与位置。对于时空分布的年际变化的模拟,BCC_CSM模拟的冬季风暴轴EOF分解的第一与第二模态特征向量场同NCEP再分析资料对应的特征向量场结构类似,前两个模态分别为全区一致及南北反向型,第三模态则有所不同。对于年内逐月的风暴轴强度和纬度指数变化,BCC_CSM有着较好的模拟效果,可以模拟出太平洋风暴轴独有的“深冬抑制”现象,但对经度指数变化的模拟则与再分析资料有着较大差异。对于风暴轴向极移动情况的模拟,太平洋地区的模拟结果没有表现出向极移动,而大西洋地区则模拟出1970年以后风暴轴位置向极地偏移的趋势。     

川中地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云岩储层成岩作用

下寒武统龙王庙组是四川盆地一个全新的含油气层,尤其是随着近期川中地区该层位取得重大突破,龙王庙组展现出了巨大的勘探潜力。通过岩心薄片观察、扫描电镜及X衍射分析等研究手段结合常规储层物性分析方法等对川中龙王庙组储层成岩作用进行了探讨。研究结果发现龙王庙组储层发育良好,储集岩以砂屑白云岩及粉晶白云岩为主,粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔以及溶洞较为发育,孔隙度集中在2%~6%间,渗透率集中在0.001×10-3~0.1×10-3μm2间,结合孔渗相关关系分析认为龙王庙组储层包括中孔中渗的孔隙型储层及低孔高渗的裂缝-孔洞型储层两类。储层在成岩阶段经历了压实作用、胶结作用、白云石化作用、重结晶作用及多期溶蚀作用。压实作用及胶结作用使得原生孔隙大幅度减少,对储层的形成具有破坏性作用;白云石化及重结晶作用造成孔隙结构发生改变,进而提高储层的有效孔隙度。研究表明龙王庙组白云岩成因主要与同生-准同生阶段局限高盐度海水有关;而多期溶蚀作用产生了大量的次生孔洞成为现今主要的储集空间。     

Physiological Responses of Halophyte Suaeda salsa to Water Table and Salt Stresses in Coastal Wetland of Yellow River Delta

Soil salinity and waterlogging are two major environmental problems in estuarine wetlands. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress, water table, and their combination on growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidant system, and ion accumulation in Suaeda salsa plant, which is the pioneer plant in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). The results showed that plant height, number of branches, and biomass were significantly affected by water table and salt stress. With enhanced salt stress, the ratio of leaf to total biomass increased and the ratio of root to total biomass decreased. The contents of Chl‐a, ‐b, Chl‐a + b, and carotenoids (Car) decreased significantly with increasing soil salinity and the water table level. Salt stress enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), but reduced the content of protein. With the lowering water table level, the activity of CAT and protein content increased, and activity of SOD decreased. Na⁺ and Cl^? content were up‐regulated with increasing salt stress (NaCl), whereas, the contents of other cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) and anions ( and ) were decreased. In summary, the results indicated that the S. salsa plants could adapt to the adverse soil environments through modifying their growth and physiology status at the highly saline and intertidal zone, such as the YRD estuarine wetlands, and also could be used as a bio‐reclamation plant to decline the high salt in saline soils.     

一种邻接区域平面元融合的桥面分割方法

针对桥梁点云的桥面分割问题,提出一种邻接区域平面元融合的桥面分割方法。首先对点云进行体素化处理获得体素点云,利用超体素空间和法线约束准则进行桥梁点云过分割;然后利用面片法线的方向和模长进行面片过滤,获得包含桥面的候选面片;最后对候选面片进行邻接区域平面元融合,使用统计分布方法筛选融合区域,获得桥面点云。实验证明,该方法可以有效分割桥梁点云的桥面,稳定性较高且能保留体素化前的原始数据。相较于区域生长法和超体素区域生长法,该方法在跨区域融合方面有较好的抑制作用,更适用于桥梁点云的桥面分割。