山东地壳运动GPS观测网的建设与初步结果分析

简述山东地壳运动GPS观测网的建设和数据处理的基本方法，并对系统所得的初步结果进行分析，分析表明，该系统可产出连续、高精度的GPS基准站三维坐标及基线数据，可为地震监测和地壳运动的科学研究提供良好的GPS数据素材。     

Assessment of phytoplankton class abundance using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix by parallel factor analysis and nonnegative least squares

The feasibility of using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) along with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and nonnegative least squares (NNLS) method for the differentiation of phytoplankton taxonomic groups was investigated. Forty-one phytoplankton species belonging to 28 genera of five divisions were studied. First, the PARAFAC model was applied to EEMs, and 15 fluorescence components were generated. Second, 15 fluorescence components were found to have a strong discriminating capability based on Bayesian discriminant analysis (BDA). Third, all spectra of the fluorescence component compositions for the 41 phytoplankton species were spectrographically sorted into 61 reference spectra using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and then, the reference spectra were used to establish a database. Finally, the phytoplankton taxonomic groups was differentiated by the reference spectra database using the NNLS method. The five phytoplankton groups were differentiated with the correct discrimination ratios (CDRs) of 100% for single-species samples at the division level. The CDRs for the mixtures were above 91% for the dominant phytoplankton species and above 73% for the subdominant phytoplankton species. Sixteen of the 85 field samples collected from the Changjiang River estuary were analyzed by both HPLC-CHEMTAX and the fluorometric technique developed. The results of both methods reveal that Bacillariophyta was the dominant algal group in these 16 samples and that the subdominant algal groups comprised Dinophyta, Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta. The differentiation results by the fluorometric technique were in good agreement with those from HPLC-CHEMTAX. The results indicate that the fluorometric technique could differentiate algal taxonomic groups accurately at the division level.     

Stable sulfur isotopes in the water column of the Cariaco Basin

Previous geochemical and microbiological studies in the Cariaco Basin indicate intense elemental cycling and a dynamic microbial loop near the oxic-anoxic interface. We obtained detailed distributions of sulfur isotopes of total dissolved sulfide and sulfate as part of the on-going CARIACO time series project to explore the critical pathways at the level of individual sulfur species. Isotopic patterns of sulfate (δ³⁴S_SO4) and sulfide (δ³⁴S_H2S) were similar to trends observed in the Black Sea water column: δ³⁴S_H2S and δ³⁴S_SO4 were constant in the deep anoxic water (varying within 0.6‰ for sulfide and 0.3‰ for sulfate), with sulfide roughly 54‰ depleted in ³⁴S relative to sulfate. Near the oxic-anoxic interface, however, the δ³⁴S_H2S value was ∼3‰ heavier than that in the deep water, which may reflect sulfide oxidation and/or a change in fractionation during in situ sulfide production through sulfate reduction (SR). δ³⁴S_H2S and Δ³³S_H2S data near the oxic-anoxic interface did not provide unequivocal evidence to support the important role of sulfur-intermediate disproportionation suggested by previous studies. Repeated observation of minimum δ³⁴S_SO4 values near the interface suggests ‘readdition’ of ³⁴S-depleted sulfate during sulfide oxidation. A slight increase in δ³⁴S_SO4 values with depth extended over the water column may indicate a reservoir effect associated with removal of ³⁴S-depleted sulfur during sulfide production through SR. Our δ³⁴S_H2S and Δ³³S_H2S data also do not show a clear role for sulfur-intermediate disproportionation in the deep anoxic water column. We interpret the large difference in δ³⁴S between sulfate and sulfide as reflecting fractionations during SR in the Cariaco deep waters that are larger than those generally observed in culturing studies.     

鲁豫交界地区尾波Q_c值分析研究

该文对濮阳台记录的21次地震进行了地震波衰减研究,讨论了地球介质品质因子随频率变化的关系;利用不同地震采用不同流逝时间的尾波品质因子测定方法,有效去除了由于不同地震或同一地震的地震散射波在纵向介质中穿透深度的不同而导致对品质因子测量结果的影响,从而有利于扑捉到品质因子的异常变化特征与地震孕育过程的关系。利用改进后的模型,对鲁豫交界地区尾波值进行了计算,得到了该地区品质因子随频率的变化关系和区域介质衰减的时间变化特征。     

2008年12月两次强冷空气对河南影响的差异

采用NCEP/NCAR资料和常规观测资料,对河南省2008年12月3-6日和19-22日的两次强冷空气过程进行对比分析,结果表明:1)两次过程前期中层均为强盛的西北气流,天气晴好,气温偏高.对河南的影响均以强降温和大风天气为主,最大降温幅度接近,3-6日过程冷空气持续时间更长,强降温范围更广;后一过程持续时间较短,降温主要在豫东北部,大风更为明显.2)前一冷空气过程为"不稳定小槽东移发展型",后一过程为"横槽转竖型".冷空气源地均为新地岛以东洋面;均在贝加尔湖一带形成横槽,横槽北侧的东北气流引导极地冷空气加强,形成异常强的冷高压和冷中心,是造成两次强降温的主要原因.3)第一次冷空气为偏北路径,后一过程为典型的中路路径.4)过程中大风与强的正变压、强冷空气下沉运动引起的动量下传及其到地面时的强度和落区存在紧密联系.     

广东信宜井水位异常分析

针对信宜井水位2018年8月中旬快速下降后又转折上升的异常变化特征,通过实地异常调查和以往的震例总结,建立水位与降雨量关系的多元回归方程,综合分析该井水位异常原因.初步判定水位快速下降后又大幅回升有多个影响因素,一是附近工地抽水与施工爆破可能导致了水位下降;二是水位大幅度回升并不只是由降雨造成,还有别的干扰因素.通过此次信宜井水位异常变化的调查,形成的分析过程和方法,有助于今后此类水位异常的判别.     

山东及邻区地震重新定位及其与活动构造的关系

Earthquakes taking place from 1975 to 2010 in and around Shandong Province are relocated using double-difference （HypoDD） and Hypoinvers 2000 （Hypo2000） methods, after correction of the onset times of seismic phases. The results show that the relocated seismicity is clearly associated with regional tectonics in space, and is also in agreement with the existence of deep faults imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling ; most of the focal depths are in the range of 5 - 25km, and there are clearly two predominant depths： 10km and 16km, which are inferred to be on the bottom of the upper crust and in the middle crust, respectively. The pattern of seismic activity indicates that moderate and strong earthquakes are likely to occur in the brittle-ductile transition zone between the upper and the lower crust, as the outcome of the deep tectonic dynamic process and the movement and deformation of faults in the upper and shallow crust under the regional stress field.     

山东及邻区地震的重新定位及其与活动构造的关系

对山东及其邻区1975～2010年发生的地震经震相到时数据校正后,用双差定位(Hypodd)和Hypoinverse 2000定位法对其进行重新定位,分析结果表明:重新定位的地震在空间分布上与区域构造结合更为紧密,震源深度的分布与人工地震勘探所推测的断裂相吻合;研究区地震多发生在5 ～25km深度范围内,分别在10km和16km左右存在两个明显的优势分布层,推断为这两个优势分布层分别位于上地壳底面和中地壳;地震活动图像表明中强震易发生在上下地壳交界的脆-韧转换带内,是区域应力作用下深部构造动力与浅层断裂运动变形的结果.     

风光发电系统在无人值守地震台站的设计

风光互补发电技术在边防、通信、公路等已得到广泛应用,能否将这一绿色、清洁、可再生能源应用于地震无人值守台站,山东省在龙口地震台已做先期试点,通过一年试运行,风光互补发电系统能够满足地震无人值守台站的工作要求。     

山东区域地电场观测质量分析

对7个台的观测数据质量进行评价和分析,结果表明:郯城、菏泽、大山和陵阳地震台数据质量较好,精度较高,可为地震研究提供可靠的数据资料.