夏秋季长江、黄河流量长期变化的主要特征

利用20世纪后50 a或更长时间的水文资料,研究长江、黄河夏秋季流量长期演变的主要特征。统计分析得出:长江、黄河夏秋季流量都占年总量的一半以上,月均流量和标准差均为其他月份的2.6倍或更大。长江夏秋季流量的标准差约为其多年平均流量的22.1％,黄河则为58.8％。长江夏秋季的平均流量约为黄河的15.7倍,相应标准差为5.9倍。二者相比,长江流量大而稳定,黄河流量比长江小1个量级,而相对变化幅度大一倍以上。黄河流量自20世纪30年代中期至1968年正距平为主,累积距平曲线持续上;而自1985年至今负距平占绝对优势,流量逐年下降,下游频频断流。利用Petitt计算变点的方法可以找出长江、黄河流量以往主要的显著变点。利用快速富利叶计算法,对黄河流量进行谐波分析,得出黄河流量在未来几年内将逐渐增加。     

Seismic behavior of large-scale FRP-recycled aggregate concrete-steel columns with shear connectors

The application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for the development of high-performance composite structural systems has received significant recent research attention. A composite of FRP-recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)-steel column (FRSC), consisting of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube and annular RAC filled between two tubes, is proposed herein to facilitate green disposal of demolished concrete and to improve the ductility of concrete columns for earthquake resistance. To better understand the seismic behavior of FRSCs, quasi-static tests of large-scale basalt FRSCs with shear connectors were conducted. The influence of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, shear connectors and axial loading method on the lateral load and deformation capacity, energy dissipation and cumulative damage were analyzed to evaluate the seismic behavior of FRSCs. The test results show that FRSCs have good seismic behavior, which was evidenced by high lateral loads, excellent ductility and energy dissipation capacity, indicating RAC is applicable in FRSCs. Shear connectors can significantly postpone the steel buckling and increase the lateral loads of FRSCs, but weaken the deformation capacity and energy dissipation performance.