中国北方黄土高原地区黄土的微结构模型(详细摘要)

试样为取自中国北方黄土高原标准剖面^①中的马兰(Q₃)、离石(Q₂)、午城(Q₁)以及次生的洪积-冲积(Q₄)黄土.各方面成功的配合与多手段的综合性研究使我们能对黄土的微结构模型有了概念,能分析结构特征对黄土某些性质的影响,并可用来解释已提出的有关成因的一些看法.     

Hypotheses of the brown loam formation in the Primorye region (Russian Far East): Hindsight and the new view

This paper addresses the hypotheses of the formation of the brown loams widely spread in the zone with hummocky relief within the intermontane Razdol’noe-Khanka Depression. These hypotheses were proposed in the 1970s–1980s. The accumulation of information on the loess formation in southern East Siberia, as well as obtaining new analytical data on the microtextural, mineralogy, and major and trace-element composition of the brown loams, and the comparative analysis of these deposits provided for the formulation of a more substantiated view concerning the place of the brown loams in the group of loess-type rocks.     

The quality of life in Ukraine and in Russia as a factor of socio-economic development

The characteristic features of the socio-geographical approach in analyzing the “quality of life of population” category are highlighted. Experience in assessing the balanced development of Ukraine and Russia is presented; the most important factors that are responsible for the quality of life in these countries are determined.     

Formation of river terraces in conditions of high seismicity

We have investigated the river terraces on the left bank of the Irkut river in the Torskaya depression a short distance from the village of Guzhiry. On the basis of lithological-geological findings and radiocarbon datings of buried soils from two sections of the second terrace (12–14 m), we identified nine formation stages of the terrace in the latter half of the Late Neopleistocene and in the Holocene. They reflect multiple changes of the leading exogenous process, implying a variety of the genetic types of deposits (soils, and aeolian and alluvial sediments) during the Early and Mid-Holocene. The formation stages of alluvium are correlated with periods of high water. It is found that the final transition of alluvial to cover deposits is associated with incision of the river to 2–4 m and is dated to 5.2–4.5 cal. ka. We examine the alternation of the natural factors for the formation of deposits of the second terrace of the Irkut river in the Late Neopleistocene and Holocene. One (hydroclimatic) factor implies accumulation of deposits of the alluvial and cover complex depending on climate and water runoff fluctuations, landscape changes, and on variation in the base level of erosion. The other (seismic) factor is correlated with data on high activity of the Tory paleoseismogenic structure, which seems to have caused the lowering as well as the rise of the bottom of the depression at the time of strong earthquakes and, as a consequence, erosion or accumulation of deposits of the channel facies of alluvium. It is established that the chief causes for the change of the terrace’s deposit types were the natural-climatic changes, the character and directedness of tectonic movements, the variations in the base levels of erosion, and the height of floo ds.     

The quality of life in the anthropoecological dimension

Anthropoecological approaches in investigating regional formation patterns of the quality of life are considered. Existing interpretations of the notion of the quality of life are discussed. The necessity of assessing the quality of life within the context of human development is demonstrated from the perspective of management problems. In the array of indicators and criteria of assessing the quality of life, the notions of ??public health?? and ??quality of the population?? are analyzed. The need to study the formation processes of the quality of life on the basis of the principles of ecological interaction is substantiated.     

A TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION

Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a commonly used statistical technique for performingmultivariate calibration, especially in situations where there are more variables than samples. Choosingthe number of factors to include in a model is a decision that all users of PLS must make, but iscomplicated by the large number of empirical tests available. In most instances predictive ability is themost desired property of a PLS model and so interest has centred on making this choice based on aninternal validation process. A popular approach is the calculation of a cross-validated r~2 to gauge howmuch variance in the dependent variable can be explained from leave-one-out predictions. Using MonteCarlo simulations for different sizes of data set, the influence of chance effects on the cross-validationprocess is investigated. The results are presented as tables of critical values which are compared againstthe values of cross-validated r~2 obtained from the user's own data set. This gives a formal test forpredictive ability of a PLS model with a given number of dimensions.     

中国北方黄土高原地区黄土的微结构模型(详细摘要)

试样为取自中国北方黄土高原标准剖面①中的马兰（Ｑ３）、离石（Ｑ２）、午城（Ｑ１）以及次生的洪积冲积（Ｑ４）黄土．各方面成功的配合与多手段的综合性研究使我们能对黄土的微结构模型有了概念,能分析结构特征对黄土某些性质的影响,并可用来解释已提出的有关成因...     

Regional disproportions in qualitative characteristics of the population of Asian Russia

Presented are the results from a comparative regional analysis of medico-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population in the regions of the Asian part of Russia. The main formation factors are determined for the quality of the population which is regarded as a function of the regional human life patterns.     

Mapping of seagrass meadows from the lakshadweep islands (India), using aerial photographs

Seagrass meadows from the Lakshadweep islands were mapped with the help of black and white aerial photographs. A maximum of 40 ha seagrass cover was estimated in the lagoon of Minicoy, followed by Kavaratti (34 ha). The total seagrass cover from six major islands of Lakshadweep was estimated to be 112 ha with standing crop of ca 800 metric tonnes. The dominant seagrass species observed wasThalassia hemprichii whileCymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovata, Syringodium isoetifolium andHalodule uninervis were common to these islands.