This work deals with parametric resonance which poses a great danger especially for container ships sailing in following or head seas. Important parameters that are effective in roll resonance are pointed out. For this purpose, a containership is taken as an example to analyze its stability in longitudinal waves based on the method worked out by American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). Unfavorable sailing conditions such as heading and speed, which directly depend on the environmental conditions, have been determined for this particular ship. These conditions may be reported to the master to guide him to keep his ship out of parametric resonance zones. Numerical details of the procedure have been worked out and provided as well. 相似文献
The correlations between three different methods of measuring brittleness and both drillability and borability were statistically investigated using the raw data obtained from the experimental works of different researchers.
Strong exponential relationships between the penetration rates of tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the brittleness of B1 (the ratio of compressive strength to tensile strength) and B2 (the ratio of compressive strength minus tensile strength to compressive strength plus tensile strength) were found. There is no correlation between the penetration rates of the diamond drilling tool and the brittleness values. Strong exponential correlations exist between the penetration rates of rotary drills and the brittleness of B1 and B2. However, no correlation between the penetration rate of rotary drills and the brittleness of B3 (the product of percentage of fines in impact strength test and compressive strength) was found. The penetration rate of percussive drills does not exhibit a correlation with the brittleness of B1 and B2, but the penetration rate of percussive drills is strongly correlated with the brittleness of B3.
It was concluded that each method of measuring brittleness has its usage in rock excavation depending on practical utility. 相似文献
Topographic irregularities cause some distortions of magnetotelluric (MT) fields. In the vicinity of a topographic feature, the TM-mode distortion increases with the height and inclination of the slope. It is well-known that TM-mode ( E ⊥) topographic effects are much greater than TE-mode ( E ı) distortions. We have made a study of MT anomalies in TM-mode due to two-dimensional topography. In order to reduce these effects, the distortion tensor stripping technique was used. After corrections, the resulting data can be interpreted as if they were obtained over a flat surface and depend only on the subsurface structure. However, this technique sometimes causes some geometrical distortions of the real subsurface structure. One of our aims is to overcome this failure. We have modified the correction coefficients by considering the actual one-dimensional geology. Model studies showed that our approach is especially useful in removing the terrain effects on complex 2D subsurface structures. The other purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of a proper terrain correction for data from sites having mountainous topography over complex geology, e.g. strike-slip faults, suture zones and rift valleys. Some examples of MT data sets collected from the North Anatolian Fault Zone and from the thrust regions of the Western Taurides will be presented. 相似文献
Afyonkarahisar is a very important geothermal province of western Anatolia and has low and medium enthalpy geothermal areas. This study has been carried out for the preparation of distribution maps of soil gases (radon and carbon dioxide) and shallow soil temperature and the exploration of permeable tectonic regions associated with geothermal systems and reveal the origins of radon and carbon dioxide gases. The western district of the study area is characterized by the high radon concentration (168.30 kBq/m3), carbon dioxide ratio (0.30%), and soil temperature (21.0 °C) values. Fethibey and Demirçevre faults, which allow the circulation of geothermal fluids, have been detected in the distribution maps of radon, carbon dioxide, and shallow depth temperature and the directions of the curves in these maps correspond to the strikes of Demirçevre faults. The effect of the fault plays an important role in the change of carbon dioxide concentration along the W-E directional geological section prepared to determine the change of soil gas and shallow depth temperature values depending on lithological differences, fault existence, and geothermal reservoir depth. On the other hand, it was determined that Rn222 concentration and soil temperature changed as a function of geothermal reservoir depth or lithological difference. Tuffs in Köprülü volcano-sedimentary units are the main source of radon due to their higher uranium contents. Besides, the carbon dioxide in Ömer–Gecek soils has geothermal origin because of the highest carbon dioxide content (99.3%) in non-condense gas. The similarities in patterns of soil temperature, radon, and carbon dioxide indicate that the variation in soil temperatures is related to radon and carbon dioxide emissions. It is concluded that soil gas and temperature measurements can be used to determine the active faults in the initial stage of geothermal exploration successfully. 相似文献
In this study, the effect of different sampling rates (i.e. observation recording interval) on the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions in terms of accurac... 相似文献
Water covers over 70% of the Earth surface and is a very important resource to people and the environment. Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment. Water pollution can also affect the crops. So, water pollution is an important issue for humanity. Therefore, the control of irrigation water is a necessity. In this paper, a methodology based on process capability indices (PCIs) has been presented to control the levels of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature (T) in dam’s water for irrigation. Fuzzy PCIs have been proposed for this aim. The fuzzy estimates of $ \hat C_p Water covers over 70% of the Earth surface and is a very important resource to people and the environment. Water pollution
affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural
environment. Water pollution can also affect the crops. So, water pollution is an important issue for humanity. Therefore,
the control of irrigation water is a necessity. In this paper, a methodology based on process capability indices (PCIs) has
been presented to control the levels of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature (T) in dam’s water for irrigation. Fuzzy PCIs have been proposed for this aim. The fuzzy estimates of and are obtained for pH, DO, and T based on Buckley’s interval estimation approach and based on fuzzy specification limits. An application has been made for
Kesikk?prü Dam in Ankara, Turkey. In this paper, Buckley’s approach is re-arranged to obtain a triangular fuzzy membership
function because it cannot be obtained from Buckley’s approach in some situation. 相似文献
Monitored natural attenuation can be a viable option for remediation of groundwater contamination by BTEX compounds. Under
the field conditions, the rate of contaminant mass attenuation through natural processes, such as biodegradation, to a large
extent affected by the groundwater flow regime, which is primarily controlled by the aquifer heterogeneity. Numerical simulation
techniques were used to describe quantitatively the relationship between biodegradation rate of BTEX and aquifer heterogeneity.
Different levels of aquifer heterogeneity were described by random hydraulic conductivity fields (K) having different statistical
parameters, the coefficient of variation (CV) and the correlation length (h). The Turning Bands Algorithm was used to generate
such K fields. Visual MODFLOW/RT3D was used to simulate the fate and transport of dissolved BTEX plume within heterogeneous
aquifers. The multispecies reactive transport approach described BTEX degradation using multiple terminal electron-accepting
processes. First-order biodegradation rate constants were calculated from simulated BTEX plumes in heterogeneous flow fields.
The results showed that aquifer heterogeneity significantly affected biodegradation rate; it decreased with increasing CV
when h was in the range of up to 12 m, whereas it increased with increasing CV when h was greater than about 12 m. For well characterized aquifers, this finding could be of great value in assessing the effectiveness
of natural attenuation during feasibility studies at BTEX contaminated sites. 相似文献