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1.
P Thoya S Pérez-Jorge GM Okemwa H Mwamlavya A Tuda N Wambiji 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(1):23-33
Ringnet fishing began in the early 20th century and is practised worldwide, mainly to target nearshore pelagic species. The method was introduced to Kenya’s coastal waters by migrant fishers from Tanzania. However, the impacts of this fishing gear remain poorly assessed. We assessed the spatial distribution of ringnet fishing effort and its possible effects on ecosystem components, such as coral reefs, marine megafauna and marine protected areas, on the south coast of Kenya. We tracked 89 ringnet fishing trips made from December 2015 to January 2016 and used spatial multicriteria analysis to determine hotspots of possible environmental risks. The results showed that habitat type and bathymetric profile influenced the spatial distribution of ringnet fishing effort. Mixed seagrass and coral habitats had the highest concentration of the effort. Most of the habitats in the study area were moderately exposed to the impacts of the ringnet fishery. The study identifies high-risk areas that require spatial measures to minimise possible environmental risks of the gear both to habitats and to endangered sea turtles. 相似文献
2.
The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species. 相似文献
3.
ISLAM Muhammad RAZZAQ Abdul ZUBAIR Muhammad HASSAN Sawsan AHMAD Sarfraz GUL Shamim RISCHKOWSKY Barbara LOUHAICHI Mounir 《山地科学学报》2022,(1):46-57
Scrub rangelands support livestock grazing and provide ecosystem services to their inhabitants.The present study was conducted in Chakwal,an important tract of ... 相似文献
4.
This paper compares various ways of quantifying the importance of land–atmosphere feedback. A widely used land surface hydrology model is used in coupled (to a planetary boundary layer model) and uncoupled modes to compare the adequacy of different feedback indices. It is found that existing feedback indices are primarily based on ‘one factor at a time’ sensitivity analysis and cannot adequately capture the interaction between land and atmosphere. A new index is used which combines factorial design concepts and traditional sensitivity analysis. This index is shown to capture and quantify the strength of interaction between land surface parameters and atmosphere. To assess the effects of forcing characteristics on the stand alone model sensitivity, several ways to specify near-surface atmospheric conditions are evaluated. It is found that commonly used forcing conditions (e.g. model generated or observed time-series of near-surface atmospheric variables) may not be adequate to mimic the coupled model environment for evaluating the land surface representations. The partially coupled model sensitivity is shown to capture a major feedback loop related to water holding capacity, surface fluxes and near-surface atmospheric processes. These results suggest that sensitivity from the stand alone model should be interpreted with caution and future evaluations should strive to incorporate land–atmosphere feedback, at least within a partially coupled model. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Shafi Noor ISLAM 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(4):438-448
Wetlands constitute a part of human heritage. It has played a significant role in the development of human culture and society.
More over it contains very rich components of biodiversity of local, national, and regional significance. They also provide
habitat for a variety of resident and migratory waterfowl, a significant number of endangered species, and a large number
of commercially important species. Mangrove wetlands are unique environments of floral-faunal assemblages, providing a complex
detritus-based food-web for a number of marine and brackish water organisms. Wetlands in Bangladesh have great importance
for the country’s economic, industrial, ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural aspects. There are five types of wetlands
available in Bangladesh, such as saltwater wetlands, freshwater wetlands, palustrine wetlands, lacustrine wetlands, and manmade
wetlands. There are 43 designated wetlands, and some are under threat from indiscriminate utilization, encroachments and reclamation,
urbanization and drawbacks from agricultural development, and flood control. Almost 50% of the country’s people are directly
dependent on wetlands resources. The vast majority of the poor people in the wetlands areas are dependent on wetlands resources
for their nourishment. Wetlands have potential and have been recognized as a driving force for biodiversity conservation and
rural socioeconomic improvement. Smart-use of wetlands can solve the ecosystems problems in the floodplain areas. A comprehensive
analysis of the various issues leading to wetlands degradation is made in this study. The country needs an adequate interdisciplinary
policy and political will to implement it for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and ecologically sensitive
ecosystems in Bangladesh. Therefore, a reliable data bank is provided in this study to enhance the conservation measures initiated
by the Government. 相似文献
6.
This paper shows the presence of noises and technique to reduce these noises during the surface wave analysis. The frequency-dependent properties of Rayleigh-type surface waves can be used for imaging and characterizing the shallow subsurface. Interference by coherent source-generated noise inhibits the reliability of shear-wave velocities determined through inversion of the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves. Among these interferences by non-planar, non-fundamental mode Rayleigh waves (noise) are body waves, scattered and non-source-generated surface waves, and higher-mode surface waves. For the reduction of noise, the filtering technique is implemented in this paper for the multichannel analysis of surface wave method (MASW). With the de-noising technique during the MASW method, more robust and reliable outcome is achieved. The significance of this paper is to obtain pre-awareness about noises during surface wave analysis and take better outcomes with de-noising performance in near surface soil investigations. 相似文献
7.
Microgels are plankton-derived transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and have a significant impact on global marine carbon cycle. We investigated the influence... 相似文献
8.
Settlement relocations in the char-lands of Padma River basin in Ganges delta, Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shafi Noor ISLAM Shilpa SINGH Hasibush SHAHEED Shouke WEI 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(4):393-402
Bangladesh has a unique hydro-geological setting and deltaic floodplain which is jointly formed by the deposition of the Ganges
(Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna) and Meghna River. The physical characteristics of the geographic location, river morphology
and the monsoon climate render Bangladesh highly vulnerable to natural disasters, primarily, floods and cyclones. River flooding
has exerted a great impact on the culture and socioeconomic activities. The char people and their settlements in the Padma
River channel are under threat due to floods and associated river bank erosion. The excess of water happens during the monsoon
season because of widespread flooding that damages char-land settlements, agricultural crops, infrastructure and communication
networks. Purba Khas Bandarkhola Mouza of Char-Janajat is largely affected by annual floods, and as a result the char people
are displaced frequently from one place to another within and/or outside the char. The dwellers can return to the native char
when new land emerges in the river channel after floods. This study has revealed that the displacement of char settlement
takes place in almost every 3–5a at Purba Khas Bandarkhola Mouza of Char-Janajat. Our findings shed light on the char flood
disaster management and social adaptation plan for settlement development of char livelihood in the Padma River basin in the
Ganges delta of Bangladesh. 相似文献
9.
Abstract Flood hazard maps were developed using remote sensing (RS) data for the historical event of the 1988 flood with data of elevation height, and geological and physiographic divisions. Flood damage depends on the hydraulic factors which include characteristics of the flood such as the depth of flooding, rate of the rise in water level, propagation of a flood wave, duration and frequency of flooding, sediment load, and timing. In this study flood depth and “flood-affected frequency” within one flood event were considered for the evaluation of flood hazard assessment, where the depth and frequency of the flooding were assumed to be the major determinant in estimating the total damage function. Different combinations of thematic maps among physiography, geology, land cover and elevation were evaluated for flood hazard maps and a best combination for the event of the 1988 flood was proposed. Finally, the flood hazard map for Bangladesh and a flood risk map for the administrative districts of Bangladesh were proposed. 相似文献
10.
G.M. Tarekul ISLAM M.R. KABIR Ainun NISHAT Institute of Flood Control Drainage Research Bangladesh University of Engineering Technology Dhaka Bangladesh E-mail: tarek@ifcdr.buet.ac.bd Department of Water Resources Engineeri 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(2)
1 INTRODUCTION Bifurcations are typical features in alluvial rivers as well as in estuaries. In braided rivers confluence and bifurcation occur regularly (Fig.1). A bifurcation occurs when a river splits into two branches (Fig. 2). This happens when a middle bar forms in a channel or a distributary carries flow from the main river. In estuaries when the direction of tidal flow turns around an island, a confluence becomes bifurcation and vice versa. A braided river in the upstream end o… 相似文献