白缘(鱼央)5S rDNA的扩增分析及其在染色体上的FISH定位

本文分别对雌雄白缘(鱼央)的5S rDNA进行了PCR扩增和序列分析,并采用双色荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,以白缘(鱼央)的5S rDNA序列和小麦的45S rDNA为探针,对其在白缘(鱼央)雌雄中期染色体上进行了FISH定位研究。结果表明,白缘(鱼央)5S rDNA序列无雌雄差异;5S rDNA的保守区序列为117 bp;5S rDNA和45S rDNA分别被定位于白缘(鱼央)的性染色体和第5号染色体上。同时从GenBank中获得了22种鱼的5S rDNA,运用DNAman软件构建了23种鱼的系统发育树,对白缘(鱼央)的进化地位进行了初步研究。本研究为阐明白缘(鱼央)在鱼类系统进化中的位置、重复序列在脊椎动物性染色体上的分布状况以及与性别决定与分化的关系,提供了资料积累和分析依据。     

基于波动理论的结构损伤识别研究进展

目前人们对于结构的使用安全越来越重视,结构在日常使用或灾后的损伤识别检测也变得尤为重要。近年来国内外对于波在结构中的传播理论进行了深入研究,基于波动理论的结构损伤识别方法也取得了一定进展。文章首先介绍波在介质中的传播以及在各种类型结构中的传播规律和传播特性,其次从基于波传播理论的结构损伤识别、基于Lamb波的结构损伤识别、波动理论和神经网络相结合、波动理论与其他技术或算法的融合4个方面对国内外基于波动理论对结构损伤识别方法的研究成果进行综述。     

如何把握《普通地质学》教学中的广度与深度

《普通地质学》作为地球科学类学生本科教育入门的专业启蒙和引导课程,不仅担负着专业知识体系引导而且还要培养学生正确的人生观和价值观的重任。因此,广度和深度就成为《普通地质学》课程教学改革的两个重要方面,课前准备需要把握知识点的广度,课堂教学需要把握知识点的深度,而广度与深度的相互交融是引导学生兴趣的关键,进而依托“趣味—科学—普适—经典”的教学方式,承担起大类人才培养模式下的素质教育职责。课程的改革任重道远,需要从多方面的努力和思考,方可达到预期的课程目标。     

Changes in production potentials of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin of China under climate change: A multi-model ensemble approach

Rapeseed is one of the major oil crops in China and it is very sensitive to climate change. The Yangtze River Basin is the main rapeseed production area in China. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production in the basin is of both scientific and practical importance to Chinese oil industry and food security. In this study, based on climate data from 5 General Circulation Models (GCMs) with 4 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) in 2011–2040 (2020s), 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s), we assessed the changes in rapeseed production potential between the baseline climatology of 1981–2010 and the future climatology of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. The key modelling tool – the AEZ model – was updated and validated based on the observation records of 10 representative sites in the basin. Our simulations revealed that: (1) the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production increases with time; (2) in the middle of this century (2050s), total rapeseed production would increase significantly; (3) the average production potential increase in the 2050s for the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is 0.939, 1.639 and 0.339 million tons respectively; (4) areas showing most significant increases in production include southern Shaanxi, central and eastern Hubei, northern Hunan, central Anhui and eastern Jiangsu.     

东昌湖2001-2010年水质动态变化分析

选取pH、DO、CODCr、TN、TP等水质指标近10a的监测数据,采用单因子指数及内梅罗指数法,对东昌湖六湖区水质动态变化进行了分析研究。结果表明:pH、DO单因子指数在调查年度内呈波动中下降趋势,且均满足IV类水水质标准;TN、TP、CODCr三项指标单因子指数较大,对湖区水体质量影响较大,是造成东昌湖水体质量变化的主要原因,特别是TN、TP;内梅罗指数呈波动中下降趋势,表明东昌湖水质近10a内在逐步改善。最后在认真分析东昌湖水质动态变化状况的基础上,进一步提出了针对性的防治建议。     

Effects of initial soil water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity variability on small watershed runoff simulation using LISEM

Abstract

Soil water content (θ) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) vary in space. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of initial soil water content (θ_i) and K_s variability on runoff simulations using the LImburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) in a small watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau, based on model parameters derived from intensive measurements. The results showed that the total discharge (TD) and peak discharge (PD) were underestimated when the variability of θ_i and K_s was partially considered or completely ignored compared with those when the variability was fully considered. Time to peak (TP) was less affected by the spatial variability compared to TD and PD. Except for TP in some cases, significant differences were found in all hydrological variables (TD, PD and TP) between the cases in which spatial variability of θ_i or K_s was fully considered and those in which spatial variability was partially considered or completely ignored. Furthermore, runoff simulations were affected more strongly by K_s variability than by θ_i variability. The degree of spatial variability influences on runoff simulations was related to the rainfall pattern and θ_i. Greater rainfall depth and instantaneous rainfall intensity corresponded to a smaller influence of the spatial variability. Stronger effects of the θ_i variability on runoff simulation were found in wetter soils, while stronger effects of the K_s variability were found in drier soils. For accurate runoff simulation, the θ_i variability can be completely ignored in cases of a 1-h duration storm with a return period greater than 10 years, while K_s variability should be fully considered even in the case of a 1-h duration storm with a return period of 20 years.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Fiori     

断层破裂方式对银川盆地强地面运动的影响

银川盆地是受断层控制的断陷性盆地,边缘和内部发育了多条断裂带,特别是其内部晚更新世-全新世活动的银川隐伏断层可能对银川市的建设规划和抗震设防影响较大.为了研究银川隐伏断层活动对银川盆地强地面运动特征的影响,本文以银川隐伏活动断层作为目标断层,模拟了断层发生Mw6.5特征地震时,在单侧破裂和双侧破裂两种方式下,银川盆地的强地面运动分布特征.分析结果表明在两种破裂方式下,盆地内强地面运动表现出不同形态的地震条带状分布特征和上盘效应;同时受到银川盆地边缘断裂"西陡东缓"构造特征的影响,地表强地震动分布和断层附近观测点的时程也呈现出独特的盆地边界反射作用.在单侧破裂和双侧破裂两种模式下,近场强地面运动集中区总体上呈现北强南弱的现象,银川市及附近的芦花台等地区是强地面运动分布的主要区域.     

CSD和CDD结合下的最优遥感特征指数集构建及其在湿地信息提取中的应用

依托中分辨率成像光谱仪完整的数据序列和丰富的光谱信息,遥感特征指数在湿地生态系统发展变化的状态、趋向和规律研究方面发挥着不可替代的优势.传统类间距离判别的遥感特征指数选取中常存在过分依赖数据统计特征、入选指数与目标地类间生态学意义不明确、分类模型普适性差等局限性.基于此,本研究以河北省白洋淀湿地自然保护区为例,提出类可...     

二维随机介质模型正演指导复杂地层地震解释——以薄层砂泥岩交互地层为例

大港油田砂泥岩交互地层存在着非均质复杂地质形态,为保证其精细解释效果,根据随机过程理论,提出了选用二维指数型椭圆自相关函数为复杂非均质地质体进行简化建模的方法。正演算法使用交错网格有限差分法模拟弹性波在二维随机介质模型中的传播,激发方式使用自激自收模式。正演结果表明,随机介质模型模拟大港油田薄层砂岩互层地层具有合理性,交错网格有限差分算法对于该模型的正演数值模拟,算法合适。     

2011年度地球物理与空间物理学科项目评审与资助成果

12011年度项目受理与统计分析 1．1项目受理2011年度地球物理与空间物理学科申请项目总计1090项。其中面上项目622项,青年科学基金项目395项,地区科学基金项目16项,国家杰出青年基金项目28项,“华北克拉通破坏”重大研究计划项目8项,联合基金项目2项,“日地空间环境与空间天气”领域重点项目19项。