台湾海峡西岸海雾研究现状与未来发展方向

台湾海峡是一个海雾多发的交通要道,海雾灾害往往会导致人员和财产损失。对当前有关的海雾研究现状进行总结,以海峡西岸为代表,比较台湾海峡海雾和其他海域的大雾研究进展状况,主要包括海雾发生时的天气气候学特征、监测手段、微物理特征研究和海雾数值预报研究等。结果表明,台湾海峡西岸在天气气候学方面已经取得了一定的成果;监测手段随着科学技术的发展,也不断的完善,但在如何对卫星遥感监测结果进行反演方面还需进一步研究;海雾的微物理特征研究有助于海雾模式的改进和卫星遥感海雾反演技术的提高,但台湾海峡西岸尚未开始研究,是下一步的研究重点;台湾海峡海雾数值模拟工作较少,伴随观测技术的不断进步、动力统计方法的不断完善,可通过数值预报产品与传统的天气学方法相结合,提高台湾海峡海雾预报水平。     

The formation evaluation tool and its application in offshore China

The Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） introduced in the paper represents a new generation of formation evaluation systems developed and manufactured by China Oilfield Services Limited （COSL）, CNOOC, using a FET technology transfer from Crocker Research, Australia. The system has been applied successfully in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea. For instance, a multilayered oil and water system has been confirmed with the aid of accurate formation pressure tests, even in very thin beds and edge water reservoirs, overcoming the difficulty of determining this kind of oil-water and gas-water contacts. Moreover, the FET pumping and real-time fluid monitoring function allows acquiring a true sample of formation fluid unpolluted by drilling mud which plays an important role in determining the fluid properties of the target stratum and analyzing the fluid component. The principles and purpose of the Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） will be briefly introduced and successful examples of the application of the technology will be described in detail in this paper.     

植物化石角质层分析实验技术总结及探索

植物化石角质层的微细构造特征是植物化石重要的鉴定和分类依据之一,同时也是获取地质历史时期气候信息的重要途径之一。对保存有角质层的植物化石,如何更好的获取角质层特征,选择合适的实验技术尤为重要。本文采用三种不同的实验方法,即王水+次氯酸钠浸解法,次氯酸钠浸解法以及硝酸浸解法,对地质时期植物化石角质层的获取方法进行了探索性实验研究。实验结果表明,对于砂质泥岩中的植物化石适合用王水+次氯酸钠浸解法进行处理;含煤层或者聚煤期泥岩中的植物化石适合用次氯酸钠浸解法进行处理;灰白色泥岩或者含有硅藻土泥岩中的植物化石适合用硝酸浸解法进行处理。本文采用的三种角质层浸解法在角质层研究方面可根据化石材料的具体情况进行选择,也可同时进行三种方法的尝试进而获得最佳实验效果。该研究总结了不同地质时期植物化石角质层对三种实验方法的反应,为研究植物化石的角质层特征提供更加有效的实验途径。     

Air-sea carbon-dioxide flux estimated by eddy covariance method from a buoy observation

Precise measurements of the CO2 gas transfer across the air-sea interface provide a better understanding of the global carbon cycle.The air-sea CO2 fluxes are obtained by the eddy covariance method and the bulk method from a buoy observation in the northern Huanghai sea.The effects of buoy motion on flux calculated by the eddy covariance method are demonstrated.The research shows that a motion correction can improve the correlation coefficient between the CO2 fluxes estimated from two different levels.Without the CO2-H2 O cross-correlation correction which is termed as PKT correction,the air-sea CO2 fluxes estimated by eddy covariance method using the motion corrected data are nearly an order of magnitude larger than those estimated by the bulk method.After the CO2-H2 O cross-correlation correction,some eddy covariance CO2 fluxes indeed become closer to the bulk CO2 flux,whereas some are overcorrected which are in response to small water vapor flux.     

地球磁极倒转的分形混沌研究

地球磁场多次发生南北(正负)磁极位置的变换,这已为大家所公认。但造成这种异常现象的原因,则是迄今未能很好解答的一个难题。应用分形混沌理论对地球磁极倒转进行了分析,认为发生地球磁极倒转时间段在时间轴上具有分形分布的性质;地球磁场系统通过不断与外界交换物质和能量,维持一种空间或时间的有序结构。地球磁场极性的随机倒转具有混沌运动的自逆转特性,混沌理论给地磁极性倒转提出了一个简明的动力机制解释。     

广角水体体散射函数测量技术及其应用研究进展

水体体散射函数是描述水体中光在各方向散射特性的一个重要的固有光学参数,对水色遥感、水环境监测与保护、海气交互过程研究、水下军事目标跟踪等领域具有十分重要的意义。水体体散射函数测量尤其是覆盖0°—180°范围的广角体散射函数测量技术起步较晚,直接测量难度较大,一直以来都是一个棘手的科学难题。本文梳理了国内外广角水体体散射函数测量技术的发展历程,对于广角体散射函数测量技术,从原理上大致可以分为单一探测器转动式、多个固定探测器阵列式以及面阵CCD成像式等3大类,对不同测量原理下的测量技术进行详细分析,并对广角水体体散射函数测量技术在海洋生物光学、气泡跟踪、水色遥感等方面的相关应用进展进行总结和归纳,并对未来广角水体体散射函数的发展趋势和应用前景进行展望。     

秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中微塑料和重金属污染特征

基于密度分离原理,利用饱和NaCl溶液对秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中的微塑料进行了浮选和分离提取,采用显微红外光谱方法分析附着在滤膜上的微塑料颗粒形貌和材质。结合扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometer,SEM-EDS)对微塑料样品进行微观形貌观察及微区成分的分析。并采用地累积指数(Geo Accumulation Indexes,Igeo)和富集系数(Enrichment Factors,EF)分析砂质沉积物中重金属Hg、Cd和Pb污染水平和富集特点。分析砂质沉积物中烧失量(Loss on Ignition,LOI)、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)以及碳氮的稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N),探讨有机质的可能来源。结果表明:秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中有纤维类、发泡类、薄膜类3种微塑料,以纤维类的微塑料为主。微塑料表层富集有Si、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等元素...     

沙捞越盆地的盆地类型分析

针对沙捞越盆地盆地类型的不同观点,通过盆地区域构造背景、构造演化阶段、构造沉降曲线的分析以及构造地质事件的恢复,得到以下认识:①盆地的构造演化可划分为晚白垩世—晚始新世,拉让洋壳向婆罗洲基底俯冲,并在婆罗洲中部形成火山岛弧的俯冲增生期;渐新世—早中新世,拉让洋壳俯冲消减完毕,路科尼亚地块与婆罗洲碰撞,并俯冲于婆罗洲基底之下,形成周缘前陆盆地的前陆盆地期;中中新世至今,南中国海开启、婆罗洲碰撞抬升引起盆地稳定沉降的被动边缘期3个阶段。②盆地所选井的构造沉降曲线具有早期缓慢沉降、晚期快速沉降这一前陆盆地的典型特征。③盆地构造地质事件复原图表明,盆地晚期处于被动大陆边缘构造背景。由此,认为沙捞越盆地为复合型盆地,即早期为前陆盆地,晚期则转化为大陆边缘型盆地。     

热红外目标的多标度分形识别模型

利用机载热红外成像光谱仪（TASI）获取的热红外图像,进行了温度与比辐射率分离,然后采用多标度分形模型进行阈值分割,建立了一种新的热红外影像目标探测方法。实验结果表明,温度的空间分布具有多标度分形特征,即对lgL（r）与lgr进行分段拟合。利用多标度分形模型提取的温度阈值进行城市热红外影像的精细目标识别,并成功提取了建筑物目标。     

Factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth in the South China Sea: numerical simulations

The mixed layer depth (MLD) in the upper ocean is an important physical parameter for describing the upper ocean mixed layer. We analyzed several major factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth (CMLD), and established a numerical simulation in the South China Sea (SCS) using the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) with a high-resolution (1/12°×1/12°) grid nesting method and 50 vertical layers. Several ideal numerical experiments were tested by modifying the existing sea surface boundary conditions. Especially, we analyzed the sensitivity of the results simulated for the CMLD with factors of sea surface wind stress (SSWS), sea surface net heat flux (SSNHF), and the difference between evaporation and precipitation (DEP). The result shows that of the three factors that change the depth of the CMLD, SSWS is in the first place, when ignoring the impact of SSWS, CMLD will change by 26% on average, and its effect is always to deepen the CMLD; the next comes SSNHF (13%) for deepening the CMLD in October to January and shallowing the CMLD in February to September; and the DEP comes in the third (only 2%). Moreover, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of CMLD and compared the simulation result with the ARGO observational data. The results indicate that ROMS is applicable for studying CMLD in the SCS area.