DSQ型水管倾斜仪安装中的一些技术问题

讨论了DSQ型水管倾斜仪安装中洞体安装条件、密封保温设施、水管气泡排除、IP标定等应注意的一些技术问题.     

SS-Y型伸缩仪气压扰动影响的特征分析与数学改正

收集、整理淮北台数字化SS-Y型伸缩仪观测资料,根据SS-Y型伸缩仪工作原理,分析气压因素对其观测资料的影响。结果表明,气压变化对观测数据有明显的干扰,且二者呈正相关关系。最后通过量化分析,建立淮北台SS-Y型伸缩仪观测值的气压改正数学解析式,能够对该气压效应进行有效改正。     

密封措施对降低洞体形变观测气象类因素干扰的效果与分析

结合2010年5月初的一次密封措施,以天为单位统计各月内影响淮北地震台洞体形变观测的气象因素类型及其变化情况,分析造成干扰的主要气象因素类型及密封效果,结果表明:影响淮北台洞体形变观测的主要气象类型为大风、气压和降水,密封能有效降低大风和气压因素造成的干扰。     

安徽省数字化形变仪器及观测资料的综合分析

从仪器运行情况,影响形变观测的主要因素,观测精度和映震能力等方面,对安徽省淮北,泾县,泗县数字化形变观测台站的监测能力进行了综合分析,得到了安徽省数字化形变前兆观测的基本情况,对安徽省形变台网观测资料的应用和未来台站建设具有一定的参考意义。     

2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究

2013年1月11日,云南镇雄发生滑坡,滑程近800m,堆积体积约40104m3,赵家沟村民小组60多间房屋被毁, 46人遇难。本文对旱季期间少遇的镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害原因进行了现场调查,运用有限元法分析了久雨和采矿条件下滑坡失稳机理。从地质上,滑坡位于乌蒙山区常见的煤系地层区,上部为陡倾的三叠系中统灰岩、白云岩,中部为相对较陡的三叠系下统砂页岩地层,下部为平缓的二叠系上统页岩、泥岩地层,局部含煤,具有上硬下软的工程地质结构和上部富水下部隔水的水文地质结构,极易形成滑坡地质灾害。在地形上,形似靴状地形,上部陡峭地形导致山体易于失稳,而中下部开阔伸展良好的沟谷提供了远程的运动条件,较大的势能向动能的转化,容易形成高速远程滑动,造成严重的损失。可将滑坡区分成滑坡源区、铲刮与堆积区、滑覆成灾区3部分,其中,高速飞行的滑体直接滑覆了赵家沟村民小组数间民房,同时,其余抛散的滑坡体沿低缓沟谷部位液化滑动冲埋多间村民房屋,成为特大灾害发生的重要原因。有限元模拟结果表明:堆积层斜坡的地下水位上升,可使赵家沟滑坡稳定系数降低10%以上,说明对位于陡坡沟谷中的残坡坡积物来说,持久小雨也可触发滑坡失稳; 由于滑坡下部煤层较薄,顶板地层完整且距滑床厚达200多米,在20世纪60～70年代小煤窑开采情况下,对滑坡变形失稳没有明显影响。通过此次特大滑坡引发的社会问题,作者提出了加强特大地质灾害公共危机管理科学应对、加强煤系地层地区高速远程滑坡早期识别与风险管理和加强复杂地质灾害防灾专业知识培训的建议。     

Three Practical Methods for Analyzing Slope Stability

Since the environmental capacity and the arable as well as the inhabitant lands have actually reached a full balance, the slopes are becoming the more and more important options for various engineering constructions. Because of the geological complexity of the slope, the design and the decision-making of a slope-based engineering is still not practical to rely solely on the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, but mainly on the experience of the experts. Therefore, it has important practical significance to turn some successful experience into mathematic equations. Based upon the abundant typical slope engineering construction cases in Yunnan, Southwestern China, 3 methods for analyzing the slope stability have been developed in this paper. First of all, the corresponded analogous mathematic equation for analyzing slope stability has been established through case studies. Then, artificial neural network and multivariate regression analysis have also been set up when 7 main influencing factors are adopted.     

Ridge subduction,magmatism, and metallogenesis

Modern oceans contain large bathymetric highs(spreading oceanic ridges, aseismic ridges or oceanic plateaus and inactive arc ridges) that, in total, constitute more than 20–30% of the total area of the world's ocean floor. These bathymetric highs may be subducted, and such processes are commonly referred to as ridge subduction. Such ridge subduction events are not only very common and important geodynamic processes in modern oceanic plate tectonics, they also play an important role in the generation of arc magmatism, material recycling, the growth and evolution of continental crust, the deformation and modification of the overlying plates, and metallogenesis at convergent plate boundaries. Therefore, these events have attracted widespread attention. The perpendicular or high-angle subduction of mid-ocean spreading ridges is commonly characterized by the occurrence of a slab window, and the formation of a distinctive adakite–high-Mg andesite–Nb-enriched basalt-oceanic island basalt(OIB) or a mid-oceanic ridge basalt(MORB)-type rock suite, and is closely associated with Au mineralization. Aseismic ridges or oceanic plateaus are traditionally considered to be difficult to subduct, to typically collide with arcs or continents or to induce flat subduction(low angle of less than 10°) due to the thickness of their underlying normal oceanic crust(6–7 km) and high topography. However, the subduction of aseismic ridges and oceanic plateaus occurred on both the western and eastern sides of the Pacific Ocean during the Cenozoic. On the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean, aseismic ridges or oceanic plateaus are being subducted flatly or at low angles beneath South and Central American continents, which may cause a magmatic gap. But slab melting can occur and adakites, or an adakite–high-Mg andesite–adakitic andesite–Nb-enriched basalt suite may be formed during the slab rollback or tearing. Cu-Au mineralization is commonly associated with such flat subduction events. On the western side of the Pacific Ocean, however, aseismic ridges and oceanic plateaus are subducted at relatively high angles(30°).These subduction processes can generate large scale eruptions of basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites, which may be derived from fractional crystallization of magmas originating from the subduction zone fluid-metasomatized mantle wedge. In addition,some inactive arc ridges are subducted beneath Southwest Japan, and these subduction processes are commonly associated with the production of basalts, high-Mg andesites and adakites and Au mineralization. Besides magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization,ridge subduction may also trigger subduction erosion in subduction zones. Future frontiers of research will include characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns of ridge subduction events, clarifying the associated geodynamic mechanisms, quantifying subduction zone material recycling, establishing the associated deep crustal and mantle events that generate or influence magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization, establishing criteria to recognize pre-Cenozoic ridge subduction, the onset of modernstyle plate tectonics and the growth mechanisms for Archean continental crust.     

数据表象特征在仪器维护中的应用

针对地震台站使用的DSQ型水管倾斜仪,对仪器因环境变化、系统故障等原因引起的数据异常表象形态及原因进行剖析总结,提出了观测数据典型异常现象及故障的判定方法和检查思路,对台站做好观测仪器的日常维护维修具有一定的参考意义。