Analysis of regional budgets of sulfur species modeled for the COSAM exercise

The COSAM intercomparison exercise (comparison of large‐scale sulfur models) was organized to compare and evaluate the performance of global sulfur cycle models. Eleven models participated, and from these models the simulated surface concentrations, vertical profiles and budget terms were submitted. This study focuses on simulated budget terms for the sources and sinks of SO₂ and sulfate in three polluted regions in the Northern Hemisphere, i.e., eastern North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Qualitatively, features of the sulfur cycle are modeled quite consistently between models, such as the relative importance of dry deposition as a removal mechanism for SO₂, the importance of aqueous phase oxidation over gas phase oxidation for SO₂, and the importance of wet over dry deposition for removal of sulfate aerosol. Quantitatively, however, models may show large differences, especially for cloud‐related processes, i.e., aqueous phase oxidation of SO₂ and sulfate wet deposition. In some cases a specific behavior can be related to the treatment of oxidants for aqueous phase SO₂ oxidation, or the vertical resolution applied in models. Generally, however, the differences between models appear to be related to simulated cloud (micro‐)physics and distributions, whereas differences in vertical transport efficiencies related to convection play an additional rôle. The estimated sulfur column burdens, lifetimes and export budgets vary between models by about a factor of 2 or 3. It can be expected that uncertainties in related effects which are derived from global sulfur model calculations, such as direct and indirect climate forcing estimates by sulfate aerosol, are at least of similar magnitude.     

On the Possible Oil Fields in Szechuan as Indicated by Isocarb Lines

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION From the considerations of the scattered oil occurrences and suitablegeological structures, the Red Basin of Szechuan has long been regarded as apromising country for oil prospecting. In the last decade much attention hasbeen paid by geologists and engineers to the search for oil resources in certain     

Palaeogeology of the Country around Hsiatsuchang before the Chihsia Transgression

正 The area extending from the Suiyang~2 city in the north to Tuanchi~3 in the south was surveyed by the writers in 1943. Apart from 2 few scattered outcrops of Cenozoic and recent deposits, the major stratigraphical units represented in this area are the Cambrian, the Ordovician, the Silurian, the Permian, and the Triassic systems. Gaps of some importance were observed between the     

振动枱原理和地震检波器的试验

地震检波器惯性体的运动方程可以写成: （1） n0为检波器在无阻尼时的固有圆频率,h为检波器的阻尼常数,y为地面的位移。如用动圈检波器,其输出电压E的方程可写成: （2） S=Bl,称为检波器的电磁放大系数,B为所用磁钢空气隙中的磁感量,l为线圈的有效长度。自公式（1）及（2）可以见到:如果知道了检波器的常数h,n0和S,检波器的特性便完全确定;然后我们就可以推算检波器惯性体的运动,或是线圈的输出电压与地面运动     

震源孕育模式的初步讨论

一、前言 地震发生时的模式,人们在震源机制研究中,已讨论很多了,而地震孕育模式则讨论很少。地震孕育模式直接关系着地震预报工作,所以本文想就这个问题作一些讨论。由于问题比较复杂,讨论仅限于单一断层带。构造交会区,有待以后探讨。     

1956年1月到3月上旬亚洲上空大气环流的结构

根据1956年1月到3月上旬亚洲地区高空资料,对亚洲大陆上空的大气环流进行了探讨。作者得出了下列的事实: 1)在上述时间期限内的平均情况表明,亚洲大陆上空存在着二支急流。这二支急流在东经140°经度上已经汇合。 2)二支急流在东亚部分都表现有向东加速的现象。南支急流自东经75°就开始明显地向东加速。而北支急流的加速自东经100°附近才开始。 3)东亚大陆上大气的斜压性主要是集中在高原的附近。 另外对上述现象也作了一些初步的研究。作者认为西藏高原的存在对大气环流有下列三方面的影响: 1)高原加强了大气的斜压性,并且在高原南方形成垂直环流。因而强烈的加速了南支急流。 2)高原的存在使得南北二支急流在其东侧互相接近,显然地影响了急流的加速。 3)高原保证了南支急流强大而且稳定,这就是说每天每年同季的变化都小。     

振动枱原理和地震检波器的试验

地震检波器惯性体的运动方程可以写成: （1） n₀为检波器在无阻尼时的固有圆频率,h为检波器的阻尼常数,y为地面的位移。如用动圈检波器,其输出电压E的方程可写成: （2） S=Bl,称为检波器的电磁放大系数,B为所用磁钢空气隙中的磁感量,l为线圈的有效长度。自公式（1）及（2）可以见到:如果知道了检波器的常数h,n₀和S,检波器的特性便完全确定;然后我们就可以推算检波器惯性体的运动,或是线圈的输出电压与地面运动     

从震源孕育模式讨论大震前地下水的变化

一、前言 大震前地下水的变化是地震预报的手段之一,由于它容易被广大群众所掌握,所以具有比较普遍的意义。但是地下水变化的原因却很复杂,所以有必要搞清地下水变化的特征与地震的关系,即哪些有关,哪些无关。对这个问题,除了对水文地质条件、旱涝、气压变化、涨河、灌溉、人工用水以及潮汐力等因素进行分析外,还必须将地下水的变化与震源孕育的模式联系起来进行分析。本文主要是根据文献[3]中所介绍的一种震源孕育模式,结合具体的地震实例来探讨大震前地下水的变化特征。