Probabilistic Assessment of Mariculture Potential Productivity from the Example of Voevoda Bay,South of Primorskii Krai

Doklady Earth Sciences - Based on the results of modeling, the probability of productivity exceedance of aquafarm cultivation of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Pacific mussel Mytilus...     

Application of Different Structures of HBV Model to Studying Runoff Formation Processes: Case Study of Experimental Catchments

Water Resources - The article presents the experience in the application of a hydrological conceptual model HBV, including its standard version and modifications, to studying runoff-formation...     

Estimation of Bivalve Mollusk Plantation Productivity Based on Simulation Results

Oceanology - The potential productivity of oysters and mussels was estimated for Voevoda Bay (Russky Island, Primorskii krai) using the FARM model. The main sources of primary production in the...     

Artificial intelligence methods in geological forecasting

The objective of applications of expert systems to geological forecasting is to use heuristic knowledge of experienced geologists, as well as their intuition and facility for drawing the right forecast conclusions based on incomplete data. At the same time, considerable experience is accumulated in geological forecasting with formal mathematical models that generalize the setting of some forecast problem classes. Thus, the bottom-up heuristic approach and the more formal top-down methods are aspiring to the same aim, so they supplement and strengthen each other. A forecast expert system called GENESIS that allows both approaches to be used has been produced. The heuristic part of GENESIS is the empty expert system, which consists of the knowledge definition language, destined for an expert geologist, the knowledge base used for forecast models storing, then forming knowledge base facilities, relational database for storing user's data and forecast specimen, components that organize the certain inference and its explanation.     

To the Problem of Verification of Methods for Short-range Forecasting of Hydrological Parameters

The main principles of the existing methodology for the verification of forecasting techniques in the absence of the sample volume impact on the accuracy of determination of statistical parameters are considered. A method is proposed for the verification, comparison, and selection of forecasting methods. The method is based on the persistence of the predicted phenomenon and allows creating optimum forecast schemes with account of priority of expected parameters of accuracy. It is anticipated that the obtained results will find application in the practice of hydrological forecasting.     

Using the OpenMI standard for developing integrated systems of hydrological modeling

Demonstrated is the experience of developing a model of the integrated system of hydrological modeling based on the use of the operational data of the Roshydromet automated observational network and of the prognostic data of weather models. The system is based on the Open Modeling Interface (OpenMI). The major blocks of the system are data sources, hydrometeorological models, and spatial data on the catchment needed for predicting the river runoff formation process in the real-time mode. To construct the components of the data support, modern standards and techniques in the area of hydrology are used. It is demonstrated that this approach is a promising technical solution and opens up good possibilities for obtaining new scientific results.     

Information System to Support Regional Hydrological Monitoring and Forecasting

This paper describes the conceptual framework and software components of the automated hydrological monitoring system (AHMS), developed as a part of the project aimed at recovery, modernization, and development of the hydrometeorological network and hydrological forecasting system in the Amur basin in Russia. AHMS information technology platform provides sustainable functioning of the observation network, data exchange (within regional hydrometeorological state agencies), and interaction with external information systems.     

An experience of updated hydrological network data processing using the CUAHSI HIS ODM data management system

Presented is an experience of assimilating and using the CUAHSI HIS ODM open-format free hydrological database developed by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrological Science Inc. and intended for the processing of operational data from automatic hydrological gages installed in the Ussuri River basin. The system is proposed as a core of the information system of Primorye Administration for Hydrometeorological and Environmental Monitoring oriented to serve a new modernized network of hydrological observations. The network is to provide the timely technological and information support for the water regime monitoring and prediction. During the installation and testing of components of the software, the main functions of database formation and loading, visualization, and critical control of the data are realized.     

Using the SWAT Model for Studying the Hydrological Regime of a Small River Basin (the Komarovka River,Primorsky Krai)

The research describes the experience of using digital models (of terrain, soil, and vegetation) for the underlying surface of the catchment for developing the spatial structure of the open-source SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model. The hydrological regime for the Komarovka River basin (616 km²) is simulated with a daily resolution using the data of Primorskaya water balance station and the modern observation network of Primorye Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. It is found that the calculated and measured runoff hydrographs are generally in good agreement, and the model is suitable for describing the hydrological regime of mid-latitude rivers where rainfall floods prevail. The model well reproduces average water years, underestimates the peaks caused by intense rainfall of the typhoon origin and overestimates baseflow.     

Assessing the Sensitivity of a Model of Runoff Formation in the Ussuri River Basin

A physically based model of runoff formation with daily resolution has been developed for the upper part of the Ussuri basin with an area of 24400 km² based on ECOMAG hydrological modeling platform. Two versions of the hydrological model have been studied: (1) a crude version with the spatial schematization of the drainage area and river network based on DEM 1 × 1 km with the use of soil and landscape maps at a scale of 1: 2500000 and (2) a detailed version with DEM 80 × 80 m and soil and landscape maps of the scale of 1: 100000. Each version of the model has been tested for two variants of meteorological inputs: (1) meteorological forcing data (temperature, air humidity, precipitation) at eight weather stations and (2) with the involvement of additional data on precipitation collected at 15 gages in the basin. The model has been calibrated and validated over a 34-year period (1979–2012) with the use of runoff data for the Ussuri R. and its tributaries. The results of numerical experiments for assessing the sensitivity of model hydrological response to the spatial resolution of land surface characteristics and the density of precipitation gaging stations are discussed.