Effects of the geometry of two‐dimensional fractures on their hydraulic aperture and on the validity of the local cubic law

Flow through rough fractures is investigated numerically in order to assess the validity of the local cubic law for different fracture geometries. Two‐dimensional channels with sinusoidal walls having different geometrical properties defined by the aperture, the amplitude, and the wavelength of the walls' corrugations, the corrugations asymmetry, and the phase shift between the two walls are considered to represent different fracture geometries. First, it is analytically shown that the hydraulic aperture clearly deviates from the mean aperture when the walls' roughness, the phase shift, and/or the asymmetry between the fracture walls are relatively high. The continuity and the Navier–Stokes equations are then solved by means of the finite element method and the numerical solutions compared to the theoretical predictions of the local cubic law. Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.066 to 66.66 are investigated so as to focus more particularly on the effect of flow inertial effects on the validity of the local cubic law. For low Reynolds number, typically less than 15, the local cubic law properly describes the fracture flow, especially when the fracture walls have small corrugation amplitudes. For Reynolds numbers higher than 15, the local cubic law is valid under the conditions that the fracture presents a low aspect ratio, small corrugation amplitudes, and a moderate phase lag between its walls.     

利用Lageos 1 SLR资料解算1990-2001年的地球定向参数

利用 12年的Lageos 1卫星激光测距资料 (1990 - 2 0 0 1)解算得到了地球定向参数 (EOP) ,将该序列的结果与同期的EOP(IERS)C0 4进行比较 ,其外符精度为 :极移XP— 0 .4 0mas,YP— 0 .4 2mas ,日长变化Dr— 0 .0 35ms。     

Quaternary evolution of the Gulf of İzmit (NW Turkey): a sedimentary basin under control of the North Anatolian Fault Zone

The Quaternary evolution of the Gulf of İzmit, situated on the tectonically active North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), was investigated using seismic reflection, paleontologic, and sediment textural data. On the basis of seismic stratigraphic and sedimentologic-paleontologic interpretations, four depositional units were distinguished within the Plio-Quaternary sequence of the Gulf of İzmit. According to these data, Plio-Quaternary deposits supplied from the northern terrestrial area started to accumulate during a progradational phase, in a south-facing half-graben. A coarse-grained sedimentary unit prograding into the gulf from the south since 200 ka b.p. indicates a dramatic variation in the evolution of the gulf, with the initiation of a new strike-slip fault of the NAFZ and a corresponding uplift of the Armutlu Peninsula in the south of the gulf. During the evolution of this fault from a wide shear zone consisting of right-stepped strike-slip faults and pull-apart basins to a localized principal fault zone, sediments were deposited under the influence of northerly prograding terrestrial and shallow-marine conditions due to relative sea-level fluctuations in the Marmara Sea. During this period, the Gulf of İzmit was invaded mainly by Mediterranean and partly by Black Sea waters. In the latest glacial period, shallow areas in the gulf became subaerially exposed, whereas the central and western sub-basins of the gulf turned into lakes. The present evolution of the Gulf of İzmit is controlled by the after effects of the new rupture of the NAFZ and the estuarine nature of the gulf environment.     

The effects of immobilization on physiology and ultrastructure of unicellular alga Platymonas subcordiformis

ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｉｍｍｏｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｎｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｕｌｔｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｕｎｉｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒａｌｇａＰｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓｓｕｂｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｕｅｃｈｅｎｇ；ＷｕＸｉａｏｎａｎａｎｄＬｉ...     

一种基于亮度调制的多源遥感影像融合方法

分析了基于亮度调制的多源遥感影像融合方法,利用HIS变换和àtrous小波变换,根据逐步对亮度分量进行调制的思想,实现了武汉城郊地区SPOT、TM和ENVISAT SAR影像的融合,使融合影像在保持光谱信息、提高空间分辨率和增强纹理信息方面取得了较好的效果,有利于目标判读和影像分类等后续处理.     

皖南变质岩中的疑源类、孢粉化石组合及其地质意义

皖南变质岩区地层原被认为属江南古陆的一部分,时代定为中、晚元古代。本文根据其中所含的Asperatopsophosphaera?sp.,Trachysphaeridium sp.,Nucellosphaeridium sp.,Lophosphaeridium sp.,Leiosphaeridia sp.,Baltisphaeridium spp.,Micrhystridium spp.和scolecodonts等疑源类和其它微体化石及笔者等以前发现的Lingulacea总面貌反映的时代,判断其中部分变质地层的时代应为晚元古代—早古生代和早古生代。同时还根据Crassispora sp.,Kraeuselisporites sp.和Lueckisporites ef.virkkiae Potonie ＆ Klaus,Triquitritessp.等孢粉化石组合面貌反映的时代,推断其中尚有一部分为晚古生代地层。因此认为本区是一个从晚元古代—早古生代开始到中生代结束的碰撞型造山带,而不是一个古陆。     

塔里木盆地塔中32井中上奥陶统内潮汐沉积

塔里木盆地塔中32井的中、上奥陶统钻遇厚度为1 462 m。它是一套巨厚的深灰色泥岩、页岩与灰色砂岩、粉砂岩互层夹少量灰岩的地层。其中深灰色泥岩、页岩最多；砂岩和粉砂岩主要分布于上部和下部，中部砂岩和粉砂岩较少；鲕粒灰岩数量少，主要夹于深灰色泥页岩中。这些砂岩和鲕粒灰岩既可单独成层，但更常见它们与深灰色泥页岩组合成薄互层。薄互层中发育脉状、波状和透镜状层理，并普遍发育交错层理和双向交错纹理。这些特征表明砂岩和鲕粒灰岩为深水斜坡上的内潮汐沉积的产物。这些内潮汐沉积进一步划分为4种类型：双向交错纹理细砂岩型、单向交错层和双向交错纹理中-细砂岩型、韵律性砂泥岩薄互层型和鲕粒灰岩型。它们具有5种垂向沉积层序，在剖面上常形成多旋回韵律性沉积组合。     

藏南康马地区三叠系研究新进展

根据康马地区三叠系吕村组和涅如组新发现的化石及区域地质背景 ,把该区的地层时代分别厘定为中三叠世中晚期至晚三叠世早期和晚三叠世中晚期 ,并认为缺失早三叠世至中三叠世早期的沉积。研究表明康马地区三叠系与二叠系之间为微角度不整合接触 ,是“藏南运动”和“印支伸展运动”共同影响形成的。晚二叠世末至中三叠世早期 ,康马地区露出海面 ,接受剥蚀并形成喀斯特化风化壳。中三叠世末至晚三叠世 ,这一地区发生强烈伸展—裂陷 ,地壳迅速沉降 ,形成被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地 ,发育巨厚的半深海—深海复理石沉积 ,并伴随大量基性岩浆贯入。涅如组下部有两期基性岩侵入 ,早期基性岩床形成于印支晚期 ,晚期穿层侵入形成于燕山早期。     

隐伏煤田的TM信息提取及地质效果

在遥感图像上,被巨厚第四系冲积层覆盖的煤田区隐伏地质构造和火成岩分布信息是一种非直接的、微弱的隐伏信息,本文以淮北煤田为实例,探讨了从TM图像上提取这种信息的可行性与方法,并分析了其地质效果。     

SAR图像的几何校正

采用Ｋｏｎｅｃｎｙ等提出的合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的构像几何模型并结合数字高程模型（ＤＥＭ）进行了ＳＡＲ图像的几何校正，取得了较好的效果。此外，在定向元素的解算中引入了岭估计，较好地克服了由外方位元素间的强相关引起的方程病态