近30年来西藏那曲地区湖泊变化对气候波动的响应

根据1975年地形图、20世纪80年代至2005年的TM、CBERS卫星遥感资料和近45年的气温、降水量、蒸发量、最大积雪深度和最大冻土深度等气候资料分析得出,西藏那曲地区东南部的巴木错、蓬错、东错、乃日平错等四个湖泊的水位面积在近30年来呈较显著的扩大趋势,2005年与1975年相比,分别增加了48.2 km²、38.2km²、19.8 km² (比2004年)、26.0 km²,增长幅度分别为25.6%、28.2%、16.2%、37.6%。其主要原因与该地区近年来气温的上升、降水量的增加和蒸发量的减少、冻土退化等暖湿化的气候变化有很大关系。     

OBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE TRACKS OF TROPICAL STORMS IN THE BAY OF BENGAL

An objective analysis of tropical cyclone tracks is performed, with which the tracks of 131 tropical storms (TSs) in 1972-2011 are separated into three types that move west-, north- and northwestward, denoted as Types A, B and C, respectively. Type A (21 TSs and 16% of total) has the origin in the southwestern Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a unimodal distribution as its seasonal feature, occurring mainly in autumn; 18 of the 21 TSs (taking up 90%) land mostly on the western Bay coast (west of 85°E); 5% of Type-A TSs attains the wind speed of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s. Type A has little or no effect on Tibet. Type B (74 TSs, 56.6% of the total) has its preferable origin in the central Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a bimodal distribution as its seasonal pattern. This type denotes the travel in the north in spring, with the landfall of 67 of the 74 TSs (accounting for 91%) mainly on the middle coast of the Bay (85° to 95°E), and 19% of the TSs reaching the wind velocity of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s, which exert great effect on Tibet and it is this TS track that gives strong precipitation on its way through this region. Type C (36 TSs, 27.5% of the total) has its main origin in the southern part of the bay, and these TSs are formed largely in autumn, moving in the northwest direction, and 23 of the 36 TSs (64%) land mostly on the western Bay coast, lasting for a longer time, with almost no impact upon Tibet.     

藏东丁青蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb定年及其意义

丁青蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带东段,蛇绿岩的各端元组分出露齐全。纳永拉堆晶辉长岩作为蛇绿岩的端元组分之一,地球化学特征反映可能形成于MOR环境。纳永拉堆晶辉长岩获得SIMS锆石 Ｕ-Ｐb年龄为217.8 Ma±1.6Ma。CL照相和测试数据表明,锆石为典型岩浆成因的锆石。锆石定年确定纳永拉堆晶辉长岩形成于晚三叠世,为丁青段班公湖-怒江洋盆的打开时间提供了准确的时间约束。     

青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段大地构造演化

藏东班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段位于该缝合带由东西向转向南北向的转折部位,夹持于冈瓦纳大陆冈底斯-察隅陆块与泛华夏扬子大陆昌都-思茅陆块之间,经历过强烈伸展、挤压、碰撞、急剧沉降和隆升,是地质构造极其复杂的造山带。其沉积构造环境复杂多样,与该缝合带发展演化有关的岩浆活动极其强烈、频繁,并发育有高压变质带。丁青-碧土-怒江洋盆经历了较为完整的威尔逊旋回,包括裂谷-初始洋盆阶段、洋盆扩张阶段、俯冲消减阶段、封闭碰撞阶段的发展和演化。     

雅鲁藏布江河谷盛夏降水年际变化及其与环流的联系

基于近57 a （1961—2017年）西藏雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区（简称雅江河谷）4个站（拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜）盛夏（7—8月）月平均降水和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成、相关分析等统计诊断方法,分析了雅江河谷盛夏降水的年际变化特征及其与大气环流的联系。结果表明：1）近57 a雅江河谷盛夏降水无显著线性趋势,降水主要以3～4 a显著周期的年际振荡为主。2）雅江河谷盛夏降水年际波动与区域内水汽收支的变化直接相关,其中印度半岛-东南亚异常反气旋引起的水汽输送通量和水汽在高原腹地辐合上升的动力过程是盛夏降水年际变化的主要原因。3）对流层中低层印度半岛-东南亚异常反气旋环流是该地区盛夏降水年际异常的重要水汽输送通道,该通道将西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾等地水汽不断输送到高原,期间西太副高和伊朗高压等大尺度系统异常对水汽输送过程起到了重要作用,同时高原盛夏季风低压和南亚高压异常给水汽在高原腹地辐合抬升提供了动力条件。     

Land use dynamics in Lhasa area, Tibetan Plateau

Land use change is the result of the interplay between socioeconomic, institutional and environmental factors, and has important impacts on the functioning of socioeconomic and environmental systems with important tradeoffs for sustainability, food security, biodiversity and the vulnerability of people and ecosystems to global change impacts. Based on the results of the First Land Use Survey in Tibet Autonomous Region carried out in the late 1980s, land use map of Lhasa area in 1990 was compiled for the main agricultural area in Lhasa valley using aerial photos obtained in April, May and October 1991 and Landsat imagery in the late 1980s and 1991 as remotely sensed data sources. Using these remotely sensed data, the land use status of Lhasa area in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1999 and 2000 were mapped through updating annual changes of cultivated land, artificial forest, grass planting, grassland restoration, and residential area and so on. Land use map for Lhasa area in 2007 was made using ALOS AVNIR-2 composite images acquired on October 24 and December 26, 2007 through updating changes of main land use types. According to land use status of Lhasa area in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2007, the spatial and temporal land use dynamics in Lhasa area from 1990 to 2007 are further analyzed using GIS spatial models in this paper.     

藏东八宿地区朱村组火山岩地球化学、同位素年代学及其构造意义

藏东八宿县城西南出露一套由中酸性火山碎屑岩及熔岩组成的火山岩地层体,研究程度不高,报道较少,时代争论较大,构造意义不明确,称之为朱村组。在朱村组获得角闪英安岩锆石SHRIMP U－Pb年龄为128Ma±2Ma,将朱村组的时代厘定为早白垩世。地球化学特征反映朱村组火山岩形成于怒江洋壳向冈底斯－念青唐古拉板块俯冲、消减的火山弧环境,是伯舒拉岭火山岩浆弧的组成部分,与伯舒拉岭早白垩世花岗闪长岩应为同源不同相的产物,并认为藏东地区班公湖－怒江缝合带的闭合在早白垩世晚期已经完成。     

藏东类乌齐一带吉塘岩群时代讨论及初步认识

吉塘岩群沿他念他翁—类乌齐—吉塘一线展布,是由大小不等、不同时代的构造岩片组成的构造－岩石单位,原岩可能包括沉积岩、火山岩、中酸性侵入岩等。已有的年代学资料从元古宙到晚古生代均有,存在巨大的时间跨度,除了年代学方法的原因外,更重要的是对吉塘岩群的含义界定不一致。吉塘岩群可能是很多时代与性质差别很大的岩片集合体。吉塘岩群的岩性、成因、同位素年龄等差异巨大,将该岩群解体是必要的。对吉塘岩群的深入研究将有助于提高藏东地区的基础地质研究程度。     

基于层次分析法和模糊评判法的西藏国家气象公园评价研究

本研究依据中国气象局发布的国家气象公园评价指标体系充分考虑高原文化特色,采用层次分析法(AHP)构建了适用于高原的气象公园评价体系。结果表明：在准则层中,天气景观>人文气象景观>环境保护>科学性,权重值分别为45.94%、32.48%、14.91%、6.67%,在因子层中,稀有度>人文价值>气候特征>科学性,权重值依次为25.80%、17.20%、9.70%、5.00%。在此基础上,对纳木措、羊卓雍措、玛旁雍措进行模糊综合评价分析表明,纳木措各因素综合评价为优,羊卓雍措各因素综合评价为良,玛旁雍措各因素综合评价为良。因此,在经济条件有限的基础上,认为纳木措建设成为国家气象公园是最优选择。本研究结果可为环境规划等相关部门和行业提供决策参考。     

1960-2004年金沙江径流量特征及其对气候变化的响应

基于金沙江流域内1960-2004年的水文、气象站观测数据,分析了区域内径流量的年际、年代际变化以及气候因素(如降水量、平均气温)对径流变化的影响.结果表明:近40 a来径流量呈现逐渐增加趋势,并且支流雅砻江为金沙江径流量的主要产流区;干流与支流均存在年代间丰枯转移,20世纪60年代、90年代偏丰,70年代偏枯;干流夏...