全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18694篇 |
免费 | 4756篇 |
国内免费 | 6908篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3348篇 |
大气科学 | 2654篇 |
地球物理 | 3860篇 |
地质学 | 11975篇 |
海洋学 | 4068篇 |
天文学 | 298篇 |
综合类 | 1544篇 |
自然地理 | 2611篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 158篇 |
2023年 | 445篇 |
2022年 | 1132篇 |
2021年 | 1344篇 |
2020年 | 1110篇 |
2019年 | 1288篇 |
2018年 | 1297篇 |
2017年 | 1144篇 |
2016年 | 1138篇 |
2015年 | 1349篇 |
2014年 | 1318篇 |
2013年 | 1566篇 |
2012年 | 1737篇 |
2011年 | 1686篇 |
2010年 | 1645篇 |
2009年 | 1538篇 |
2008年 | 1617篇 |
2007年 | 1527篇 |
2006年 | 1389篇 |
2005年 | 1236篇 |
2004年 | 862篇 |
2003年 | 641篇 |
2002年 | 674篇 |
2001年 | 656篇 |
2000年 | 534篇 |
1999年 | 309篇 |
1998年 | 138篇 |
1997年 | 154篇 |
1996年 | 120篇 |
1995年 | 92篇 |
1994年 | 70篇 |
1993年 | 72篇 |
1992年 | 60篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
1954年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Glaciers and snow cover are important constituents of the surface of the Tibetan Plateau. The responses of these phenomena to global environmental changes are sensitive, rapid and intensive due to the high altitudes and arid cold climate of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on multisource remote sensing data, including Landsat images, MOD10A2 snow product, ICESat, Cryosat-2 altimetry data and long-term ground climate observations, we analysed the dynamic changes of glaciers, snow melting and lake in the Paiku Co basin using extraction methods for glaciers and lake, the degree-day model and the ice and lake volume method. The interaction among the climate, ice-snow and the hydrological elements in Paiku Co is revealed. From 2000 to 2018, the basin tended to be drier, and rainfall decreased at a rate of −3.07 mm/a. The seasonal temperature difference in the basin increased, the maximum temperature increased at a rate of 0.02°C/a and the minimum temperature decreased at a rate of −0.06°C/a, which accelerated the melting from glaciers and snow at rates of 0.55 × 107 m3/a and 0.29 × 107 m3/a, respectively. The rate of contribution to the lake from rainfall, snow and glacier melted water was 55.6, 27.7 and 16.7%, respectively. In the past 18 years, the warmer and drier climate has caused the lake to shrink. The water level of the lake continued to decline at a rate of −0.02 m/a, and the lake water volume decreased by 4.85 × 108 m3 at a rate of −0.27 × 108 m3/a from 2000 to 2018. This evaluation is important for understanding how the snow and ice melting in the central Himalayas affect the regional water cycle. 相似文献
3.
Daniel Lane Colin P.R. McCarter Murray Richardson Chris McConnell Tim Field Huaxia Yao George Arhonditsis Carl P.J. Mitchell 《水文研究》2020,34(3):598-614
The estimation of hydrologic transit times in a catchment provides insights into the integrated effects of water storage, mixing dynamics, and runoff generation processes. There has been limited effort to estimate transit times in southern boreal Precambrian Shield landscapes, which are characteristically heterogeneous with surface cover including till, thin soils, bedrock outcrops, and depressional wetland features that play contrasting hydrologic roles. This study presents approximately 3.5 years of precipitation and streamflow water isotope data and estimates mean transit times (MTTs) and the young water fraction (py) across six small catchments in the Muskoka-Haliburton region of south-central Ontario. The main objectives were to define a typical range of MTTs for headwater catchments in this region and to identify landscape variables that best explain differences in MTTs/py using airborne light detection and ranging and digital terrain analysis. Of the transit time distributions, the two parallel linear reservoir and gamma distributions best describe the hydrology of these catchments, particularly because of their ability to capture more extreme changes related to events such as snowmelt. The estimated MTTs, regardless of the modelling approach or distribution used, are positively associated with the percent wetland area and negatively with mean slope in the catchments. In this landscape, low-gradient features such as wetlands increase catchment scale water storage when antecedent conditions are dryer and decrease transit times when there is a moisture surplus, which plausibly explains the increases in MTTs and mean annual runoff from catchments with significant coverage of these landscape features. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
An elastoplastic model for sands is presented in this paper, which can describe stress–strain behaviour dependent on mean effective stress level and void ratio. The main features of the proposed model are: (a) a new state parameter, which is dependent on the initial void ratio and initial mean stress, is proposed and applied to the yield function in order to predict the plastic deformation for very loose sands; and (b) another new state parameter, which is used to determine the peak strength and describe the critical state behaviour of sands during shearing, is proposed in order to predict simply negative/positive dilatancy and the hardening/softening behaviour of medium or dense sands. In addition, the proposed model can also predict the stress–strain behaviour of sands under three-dimensional stress conditions by using a transformed stress tensor instead of ordinary stress tensor. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
8.
研究了外源性蜕皮激素对凡纳滨对虾生长和表观消化率的影响 ,实验时在基础饲料中分别添加 0 .1%、0 .2 %、0 .4 %的两种市售蜕壳素产品 ,制成 6种外源性脱壳素配合饲料 ,不添加的基础饲料作为对照组 ,试验在 2 6 0L玻璃钢循环水养殖系统中 ,每个剂量组设 3个重复 ,8周生长试验结果表明 :市售蜕壳素产品能有效地促进对虾生长 ,试验结束时 ,试验组虾体增重分别较对照组增加 16 .8%、7.5 2 %、5 .9%、11.4 %、2 9.0 7%、16 .5 3% ,但是凡纳滨对虾对饲料粗蛋白的表观消化率没有明显地提高 ,凡纳滨对虾对脂肪的表观消化率较低。推算凡纳滨对虾饲料中最佳蜕皮酮添加量为 6 0mg/kg。 相似文献
9.
基于蚁群算法的城市可持续发展综合评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在可持续发展体系分类的基础上,应用蚁群算法对可持续发展各分类指数公式和综合指数公式进行优化,建立可持续发展评价模型。将该模型应用于乌鲁木齐市可持续发展水平评价,评价结果与现状分析一敛。结果表明该模型简单适用、有良好的通用性。 相似文献
10.
本文讨论了彗星中尘埃粒子的充电机制 ,带电特性和平衡电势的变化规律 ,分析了彗星尘埃的破碎特性和临界半径 ,得出了很有意义的结果 相似文献