p—σ混合坐标全球模式模拟夏季气候的性能及系统性误差分析

将球带范围的ｐ－σ混合坐标系五层原始方程模式发展成为包含极区的全球大气环流模式，并用ＧＦＤＬ多年平均气候分析资料检验了模式对夏季气候平均状态的模拟性能，分析了ｐ－σ混合坐标系全球大气环流模式模拟夏季气候的系统性误差。结果表明：ｐ－σ混合坐标系全球大气环流模式能较好地模拟夏季气候平均态，各高度上的主要环流系统都可以模拟出来，与球带模式的结果相比有一定的改进，而且陆地上的模拟结果优于海洋上的。     

四川盆地喜马拉雅期张扭性断裂构造特征及形成机制

前人对四川盆地盆缘冲断带及川中高-磨地区断裂系统进行了系统性研究,但对于盆地其他区块断裂发育特征、形成演化及应力背景的认识尚不充分.发现了梓潼-成都-威远-华蓥山-广安地区震旦系-下三叠统地层中发育的一套区域性张扭性断裂,主要自震旦系及以下地层向上延伸切穿二叠系地层,多为高陡、小断距正断层,部分形成负花状构造.根据该断裂系统的剖面产状、纵向穿层特征及盆地范围内体现出的分异性,推断该断裂系统形成于喜马拉雅期.物理模拟实验研究发现该断裂体系应发育于扭张性应力环境中,该断裂体系的发育指示了四川盆地内部新生代存在南西-北东向张应力,可能与四川盆地新生代发生的逆时针旋转有关.      

一种新型浅地层剖面仪试验平台的设计与应用

为探讨浅地层剖面声学影像形成原理,探索不同类型沉积物声学影像特征,厘清不同沉积物厚度的识别算法,采用模块化设计理念研发一套新型浅地层剖面仪室内试验平台。综合室内定位技术、浅剖试验平台尺寸合理性分析技术、直线轨道与换能器之间的固定连接技术和海底声学参数反演技术,形成一个试验高效的新型平台。通过铺设沉积物和布设障碍物,利用浅地层剖面仪进行走航测试,精确识别了沉积物的厚度和障碍物的位置。该平台可为开展理想环境下沉积物厚度和障碍物识别提供较好的测试环境,为声学海洋设备性能检测提供测试平台,也为高校学生和技术人员提供设备使用培训场所。     

川黔湘交境寒武纪层序划分

根据层序地层学的基本原理和概念，以露头剖面研究为基础将川黔湘交境寒武素划分为１６个三级层序，其中下统含７个中统３个，上统６个，既有Ⅰ型层序又有Ⅱ型层序，具倾斜边缘的盆地中形成的Ⅰ型层序仅发育在早寒武世早期，共２个；具台缘斜坡的盆地中形成的Ⅰ型层序发育在台地形成及发展阶段，即早寒武世后期至晚寒武世早中期，共５个。上述层序的详细研究为海平面升降和加里东早期的构造运动的认识提供了新的基础。     

区域震相强度比—岩石层热状态的有效指示

本文根据白家疃台６０年代以来的短周期地震记录图，分析了区域震相的强度比。研究表明：Ｓｎ／Ｌｇ波的强度比波传播路径上岩石层热结构、热状态及强地震活动等均有相关性，并就这种相关性对于强地震成因及其预测研究的直接意义进行了讨论。     

1998年东亚夏季风过程的数值模拟(英文)

利用改进的九层 Ｐ－σ模式和 １９９８年南海季风试验从 ５月 １日到 ８月３１日共 １２３天的再分析资料对该年的东亚夏季风进行模拟,发现基本的大气环流形势（南亚高压和西太平洋副高）均能模拟出来,但南亚高压模拟偏强,西太平洋副高模拟偏弱。由时间相关系数分析可以发现,该模式对于短期气候模拟（约２个月）效果较好,对于长期积分,则气候飘移较明显;由空间相关系数分析发现,模拟的较差区域位于青藏高原及其相邻的中南半岛西北部等地区。降水的模拟是较差的,五、六月份能模拟出雨带的大致移动,七、八月份模拟的降水明显较观测场偏北。由敏感性试验的分析结果发现,嵌套边界条件的改善对于降水的模拟影响较大。     

Amplitude Ratio of Regional Seismic Phases: An Efficient Indicator of Thermal State of the Lithosphere

By analyzing seismograms of short period records at the Beijing SeismoJogicaJ Observatory, the present paper investigates the amplitude ratio of seismic phases. The results indicate that the amplitude ratio of Sn/Lg is correlated with the lithosphere structure, the thermal state, and strong earthquake occurrence in the region the seismic rays pass through. The significance of such a correlation in the study on the genesis and prediction of strong earthquakes is discussed.     

A physical model for shear-wave velocity prediction1

The clay-sand mixture model of Xu and White is shown to simulate observed relationships between S-wave velocity (or transit time), porosity and clay content. In general, neither S-wave velocity nor S-wave transit time is a linear function of porosity and clay content. For practical purposes, clay content is approximated by shale volume in well-log applications. In principle, the model can predict S-wave velocity from lithology and any pair of P-wave velocity, porosity and shale volume. Although the predictions should be the same if all measurements are error free, comparison of predictions with laboratory and logging measurements show that predictions using P-wave velocity are the most reliable. The robust relationship between S- and P-wave velocities is due to the fact that both are similarly affected by porosity, clay content and lithology. Moreover, errors in the measured P-wave velocity are normally smaller than those in porosity and shale volume, both of which are subject to errors introduced by imperfect models and imperfect parameters when estimated from logs. Because the model evaluates the bulk and shear moduli of the dry rock frame by a combination of Kuster and Toksöz’ theory and differential effective medium theory, using pore aspect ratios to characterize the compliances of the sand and clay components, the relationship between P- and S-wave velocities is explicit and consistent. Consequently the model sidesteps problems and assumptions that arise from the lack of knowledge of these moduli when applying Gassmann's theory to this relationship, making it a very flexible tool for investigating how the v_P-v_s relationship is affected by lithology, porosity, clay content and water saturation. Numerical results from the model are confirmed by laboratory and logging data and demonstrate, for example, how the presence of gas has a more pronounced effect on P-wave velocity in shaly sands than in less compliant cleaner sandstones.     

The experimental research on b value of AE for the rock specimens with pre-existing crack or notch under uniaxial compression

A lot of researches onb value have been made in seismology. Since the 1960’s Mogi, Scholz and others have studied AE of rock specimens in laboratory and discovered that it is related to natural earthquakes. All former researchers used integral specimens to studyb value in the laboratory. However a major earthquake is usually related to a existing seismic-fault in that area. For this reason, a series of fracture experiments with rock and glass specimens having pre-existing crack or notch is performed in order to examine the effect of preexisting crack tob value. The experimental results show that theb value begins to decrease as soon as the initiation of the crack and finally drop to a very low value when the specimen breaks unstably. Based on these, a brief discussion on the possible mechanism ofb value change for natural earthquakes is given. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,9, 393–400, 1987. Projects sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.