环渤海区域及邻区现今地壳构造运动形变特征分析

将环渤海区域划分为5个次级块体,利用整体旋转与线性应变模型分析2009~2014年中国大陆构造环境监测网络的GPS对地观测速度场数据,得到相对于欧亚板块0.5°×0.5°的水平运动速度场和应变场。分析形变速度场和应变场的空间变化发现,环渤海区域整体上呈现0.25×10^-9/a的NW-SE 111.3°的双向趋势性扩张运动,太行块体、山西块体分别呈NW-SE 116.3°、NW-SE 130°的微弱扩张运动,胶辽块体、冀鲁块体和阴山-燕山块体分别存在NW-SE 144.3°、NE-SW 39.5°和NW-SE 155.6°的微弱压缩运动,其中太行块体的扩张运动量级相对于其他次级块体较大。尽管环渤海区域内部各次级块体的形变在空间上存在以上差异,但整体上环渤海区域主压应变轴方向基本为NEE-SWW,主张应变轴方向为NNW-SSE,且主压应变轴走向为NE 47.70°～89.74°,与利用地球物理方法得到的主压应变轴优势方向大体一致,表明环渤海区域现今地壳运动相对稳定。     

最小二乘配置法优化的REHSM模型及应用

REHSM模型由于顾及了板内形变,实际上是一种对传统刚体板块运动模型的优化模型,但鉴于其假设条件为板内应变均匀,导致其可能难以适用于复杂地质构造区域。本文提出了将板内偏离整体旋转和均匀应变的块体形变部分看作是干扰信号,利用信号对块体内部偏离整体旋转与均匀应变的形变部分进行补偿,建立了一种优化的弹性运动及形变分析模型;对最近几期中国大陆构造环境监测网络在环渤海区域的速度场数据进行拟合分析,结果表明,新方法能有效地精化REHSM模型,具有更高的拟合精度。     

基于MIKE3的渤海三维温盐数值模拟

基于有限体积法的MIKE3 Flow Model建立了渤海地区水动力和温盐数值计算模型,并考虑了渤海沿岸十六条主要河流径流输入、风、降水、蒸发、太阳辐射(短波辐射、长波辐射、感热、潜热)等因素的影响。输出2010年数据作为结果,水动力和温盐模拟结果验证良好。经分析得到如下结论:模拟得到的2010年渤海温盐全年变化均呈一峰一谷形式。渤海冬季最高温度出现在渤海海峡附近海域,温度约4.5℃;渤海夏季平均海表温度26.34℃,较1970～1996年渤海海区夏季的平均温度区间22.5～26.5℃明显偏高;夏季温跃层集中在5m-15m深度范围内,渤海海峡处跃层深度超过了20m;模拟得到的冬季莱州湾盐度在27.8～30.4PSU的范围,夏季25～29.5PSU;莱州湾和辽东湾在夏季出现低盐区,辽东湾顶的低盐区面积约1364km^2,黄河口处的低盐区面积约448km^2,小清河口附近的低盐区面积约1029km^2;渤海大部分海域夏季盐度分层并不像温跃层那样明显。     

太原盆地地裂缝发育规律及防控措施

地裂缝灾害的发生直接影响着太原盆地工农业生产和城镇居民生活,掌握地裂缝的发育规律和成因机理对减少灾害损失显得尤为必要。以地质环境为基础,系统分析了太原盆地地裂缝的发育特征。在此基础上,从主控因素的角度将区内地裂缝划分成采空塌陷成因、地下水超采成因、地震成因、断裂活动成因4种类型。系统分析了各类型地裂缝的力学形成机制,据此提出了防治措施。研究结果可为当地环境条件改善、地质灾害治理提供参考。     

CHIMEHERB人工皮临床应用研究总结

CHIMEHERB人工皮是由海洋生物材料制成的烧伤创面覆盖材料,主要成分是甲壳胺(chi-tosan).经山东省13所医院在不同类型的烧伤创面,历时3年的临床应用496例表明:CHIMEHERB人工皮对烧伤创面有良好地促进愈合作用,适用于新鲜Ⅲ°创面、供皮区创面、深Ⅱ°削痂创面、脱痂创面以及部分切痂植皮创面.不适于感染严重的烧伤创面.该人工皮不致敏,无刺激,无吸收中毒之虞,虽然弹性与粘附性还不理想,但不失为我国目前较完好的一种创面覆盖物.     

智能优化算法在结构损伤识别中的应用

利用智能优化算法进行结构的损伤识别是近年来的研究热点,其基本思路是将实测数据和数值模型的输出定义为结构参数的目标函数,通过搜索目标函数的最小值来得到结构参数,并根据这些参数在损伤前后的变化情况来识别损伤.目标函数可以有多种定义方式,智能优化算法也有多种算法可以选择,为了得到最佳的计算效果,利用4种目标函数和3种智能优化算法进行了损伤识别的数值模拟.计算结果表明,由加速度时程响应定义的目标函数与差分进化算法相结合具有很好的识别精度和抗噪能力.     

西南地区滇金丝猴潜在优先保护区与保护网络识别（英文）

In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index(NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.     

Potential priority areas and protection network for Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Southwest China

In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves (NRs) (Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (YSM) (Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats (PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors (PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index (NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas (PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs (with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.

     

基于最小二乘配置的板块边界地壳形变应变特征分析

北美板块边界属于地震高风险区域,为了更好地了解该区域地壳形变及应变的变化特征,本文利用北美板块边界PBO网络1997-2008年的GNSS高精度速度场信息,基于欧拉旋转矢量扣除背景场刚性运动后,顾及区域速度场的统计学原理,利用球面最小二乘配置算法拟合推估该区域地壳连续速度场,最后基于速度场与应变场的微分关系在球面上解算...     

CHIMEHERB人工皮的临床应用

CHIMEHERB人工皮肤覆盖236例不同类型的烧伤创面临床观察表明:应用于新鲜Ⅱ°创面,供皮区创面,尤其头皮供皮区创面明显优于油纱布;用于削痂创面的覆盖效果良好,但与手术时机,创面处理方法,包扎固定是否妥当有密切关系;有选择地应用于切痂创面,尚存在人工皮自身特点及临床应用方法上的问题有待研究解决.至于肉芽创面应用人工皮的效果则与肉芽形成的时间,术后处理的正确与否有密切的关系,应用得当,会取得极明显的加速创面愈合的效果.CHIMEHERB人工皮不适于覆盖已感染的Ⅲ°创面,新鲜Ⅲ°创面没有应用人工皮的必要.