闽南沿海地区低能见度事件变化特征分析

利用2005-2010年闽南沿海地区9个气象站(厦门、同安、漳州、东山、漳浦、龙海、诏安、晋江和崇武)的日常观测能见度、相对湿度等气象资料,采用统计方法,探讨了闽南沿海地区低能见度事件的年、季和日变化等变化特征规律.分析发现,闽南沿海地区低能见度事件的年平均能见度一般在6 km左右,且低能见度在霾时总体要好于(轻)雾时;上半年低能见度事件持续时间较长且多发,下半年低能见度事件持续时间短且出现频率低于上半年.通常,08时的能见度最差,14时和20时转好,02时的能见度较08时要好,只有沿海测站东山站和崇武站在冬春季02时能见度较08时差.霾是造成闽南沿海地区出现低能见度事件的主要原因,(轻)雾次之,反映出该地区经济快速发展对能见度的影响.     

基于TM遥感数据的汶川地震极重灾区生态恢复研究

本文以地震极重灾区2006、2008和2011年3期Landsat TM遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS提取灾区土地利用信息,结合坡度和高程等地形因子对灾区主要生态系统面积的变化进行综合分析.结果表明:2008年地震对灾区生态环境造成严重破坏,使研究区农田、森林和草地生态系统分别减少了124.6km2、461.6km2和9...     

陕西旬阳县红花坪铅锌矿地质特征及找矿前景

红花坪铅锌矿位于南秦岭旬阳盆地金铜、铅锌、汞锑等多金属成矿带内,为一沉积-改造型铅锌矿床。矿区出露地层主要为古生界泥盆系和志留系一套浅变质的细碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积建造,褶皱、断裂发育,热液活动强烈,为成矿物质的活化、运移创造了良好的条件。矿体赋存于下志留世梅子垭组绢云千枚岩及下部石英脉中,受一定的地层岩性、古地理环境和构造控制。目前Ⅰ-1铅锌矿体控制长度已超过1 km,矿体连续性好,形态单一,矿物成分简单,锌含量高,有望成为一中型规模的铅锌矿床。     

Generalized Mathematical Morphological Method for 3D Shape Analysis of Geological Boundaries: Application in Identifying Mineralization-Associated Shape Features

The shapes of geological boundaries such as contacts and faults play a crucial role in the transportation, deposition and preservation of metals in magmatic and hydrothermal systems. Analyzing the shapes of geological boundaries, in particular those associated with mineralization, is an important step in 3D mineral prospectivity modeling. However, existing methods of shape analysis are limited in the adaptation of various shapes, scales and topologies of geological boundaries. This paper presents a general method of shape analysis based on mathematical morphology (MM), which is a generalization of the original MM method for shape analysis. The generalization extends the applicability of the original MM method from closed surfaces to general surfaces, while inheriting the real 3D and multi-scale analysis capabilities of the original method. This is achieved by regarding MM operations on 3D sphere structural elements as their equivalent operations, and redefining the operations to general surfaces. The generalized MM method enables us to handle complex 3D shapes such as overturned and/or recumbent geological boundaries as well as incomplete shapes due to weathering processes and data unavailability. The proposed method was applied to analyze the shape of an intrusive contact in the Fenghuangshan Cu ore field, Eastern China, whose shape was in the form of a non-closed surface. This analysis revealed a stronger spatial association between the large concave parts of the contact zone and the mineralization. Due to its enhanced adaptability to different shapes, the generalized MM method, compared with the original MM method, allows us to capture shape features that are more plausible for the geological setting.

     

Spatial correlation and ecological characteristics analysis of management area for biodiversity conservation and relevant regionalization

Formulation of different ecological zone plans according to the corresponding protection targets and the necessity of proper conservation policy is one of the measures to achieve the goal of ecological conservation in China.In order to clarify the interrelation among key ecological zone plans,this paper carried out the research on spatial relation of priority areas of biodiversity conservation and three key ecological areas（key ecological function areas,key regions of ecological service function,national nature reserves） and the research on ecological conditions,based on multi-scale ecological spatial theme information,which incorporates elements like ecologi-cal quality and type,and by the aid of spatial information analysis and GIS modeling.The results showed a contrastively fine spatial consistency with 68.8% of priority areas of biodiversity conservation overlapping with three key ecological areas.Although the envi-ronment in priority areas of biodiversity conservation were in good conditions,protection pressure is also increasing,powerful supervi-sion and protection should not be ignored.The environmental conditions in the overlapping areas,as a whole,were superior to those in the non-overlapping areas.Since two areas have different characteristics,targeted protection measures should be formulated based on this difference,which will be very important for biodiversity conservation in priority areas of biodiversity conservation.     

Microstructure of NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system studied by ATR-FTIR, Raman and MD simulation

The solubilities of ammonium chloride in aqueous ammonia decreased first and then increased with increasing ammonia concentrations, but the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified. In the present work, the ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the corresponding mechanism. The spectra analysis was focused on the region between 2500 and 4000 cm-1. It was firstly discovered that the N-H???N hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and ammonia molecule was mainly formed in the NH4Cl-NH3-H2O system with concentrations higher than 10% ammonia, but N-H???O hydrogen bonds between ammonium ions and water molecule took advantage in the system with lower ammonia concentrations. Correspondingly, the phenomena of hydrogen bonding redshift and blueshift was observed respectively compared in NH3?H2O solution. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding structure of the saturated solution was obtained by means of MD simulation. The present work provides some theoretical basis for the separation of ammonium potassium chloride.     

陕西旬阳县红花坪铅锌矿地质特征及找矿前景

红花坪铅锌矿位于南秦岭旬阳盆地金铜、铅锌、汞锑等多金属成矿带内,为一沉积-改造型铅锌矿床。矿区出露地层主要为古生界泥盆系和志留系一套浅变质的细碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积建造,褶皱、断裂发育,热液活动强烈,为成矿物质的活化、运移创造了良好的条件。矿体赋存于下志留世梅子垭组绢云千枚岩及下部石英脉中,受一定的地层岩性、古地理环境和构造控制。目前Ⅰ-1铅锌矿体控制长度已超过1 km,矿体连续性好,形态单一,矿物成分简单,锌含量高,有望成为一中型规模的铅锌矿床。     

汶川地震后四川省巴州区地质灾害特征研究

512汶川大地震震后,对四川省巴州区次生地质灾害应急调查表明,地质构造和地形地貌是巴州区地质灾害形成的主导因素,降雨是地质灾害的主要诱发因素。巴州区主要的地质灾害类型为崩塌和滑坡,其中崩塌的危害性较大。现场调查表明,巴州区崩塌地质灾害类型以岩质崩塌为主,滑坡地质灾害类型以残积层滑坡为主,主要分布在构造侵蚀中低山和侵蚀剥蚀桌状低山地貌区。512汶川地震对潜在的崩塌危岩体的稳定性有不良的影响。     

陆相盆地充填类型及对烃源岩形成的控制:以松辽盆地为例

文中阐述了Bohacs、Carroll等提出的陆相湖泊充填类型的划分理论,总结了陆相湖泊沉积的3种典型沉积组合:河流 湖泊相组合、波动深湖相组合和蒸发相组合,并对应各自的组合方式划分出3种湖泊充填模式:过充填湖泊、平衡充填湖泊和欠充填湖泊。笔者通过对中国松辽盆地中、晚白垩世时期泉头组-嫩江组的湖泊沉积相组合、层序地层特征等资料进行总结,并与Bohacs提出的湖泊填充模式划分进行对比,初步建立起松辽盆地当时的湖泊充填模式,进而对松辽盆地当时烃源岩埋藏和分布进行了分析和总结。     

天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放误差研究

合理的人工鱼礁布局可以为海洋生物提供适宜的生境,促进物种的多样性和生态系统的稳定。然而受多种因素的影响,人工鱼礁投放的实际位置与规划方案多有差异,致使人工鱼礁建设达不到预期效果。文章利用重心误差、外围面积误差、重叠面积误差以及礁体数量误差等4个指标来评价天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差状况。结果表明,天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放的外围面积误差和礁体数量误差的平均值分别为-0.11和0.067,投放布局的准确性比较高;重心和重叠面积误差平均值分别为0.59和0.73,投放定位的准确性相对较差,需要进一步改进;从年际变化来看,2018年人工鱼礁投放的重心误差、重叠面积误差、礁体数量误差均有明显改善,仅外围面积误差略大,表明随着时间的推移,人工鱼礁投放布局和定位的准确性均已达到预期效果。文章量化了天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差,成果可为提高天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放效果提供有益参考,为相关政策制定提供科学依据,并指导管理实践。