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Tongxin ZHU 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(4)
1 INTRODUCTION Soil crusting, or soil sealing, is one of the common phenomena in agricultural lands or semi-arid and arid soils. Due to the breakdown of soil aggregates by raindrops, soil surface develops a very thin, often less than a few millimeters, dense layer. Many studies indicated that such a thin layer significantly reduces infiltration capacity and increases surface runoff (i.e. McIntyre, 1958; Edward and Larson, 1969; Agassi et al., 1985; Bradford et al., 1986; Romkens et al.,… 相似文献
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基于1∶1的大型水槽试验结果,分析了波浪溢流过程中位于海堤内坡的高性能加筋草皮护面的侵蚀特征。试验观察表明试验期间有一定土壤的损失,但护坡无明显的破坏;土面高度测量表明,当土壤流失发展到一定深度后,如果水动力强度变化不大,侵蚀趋于逐渐停止,这种现象称为侵蚀上限;结合试验现象对侵蚀上限进行了初步解释,并讨论了侵蚀上限达到前的侵蚀速率特征;植株密度监测表明,试验期间的草茎密度基本不变,草叶密度在开始几次试验期间持续减小,而后达到一个稳定值,这对于海堤的可持续防护有重要意义。研究成果能够为波浪溢流期间海堤内坡防御的相关研究和工程措施提供参考依据。 相似文献
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中国对于海洋文化的理论探索与建构已有数十年的积淀,然而目前学术界对其学科主体性依然缺乏共识。为增强中国海洋强国建设的文化软实力,文章解答海洋文化学科主体性的基本问题,分析海洋文化学科主体性建构面临的挑战,并提出具有针对性的建议。研究结果表明:海洋文化属于知识门类意义上的学科,是独特的知识集合和自成系统的理论体系;由于传统学术思维的惯性、经世致用思想的影响、研究对象范畴模糊和研究方法特性缺失等因素,海洋文化的学科主体性尚未真正确立;海洋文化的学科主体性建构应坚持“人 海主体”的理论建构、“人 海和谐”的价值取向、“人 海依存”的研究范畴和“人 海互动”的研究方法。 相似文献
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深部土体冻融后的物理力学性质对深部人工冻结工程意义重大. 针对该问题, 在以往土的冻融试验装置的基础上, 设计出适用于高压条件下土的室内冻融试验装置, 并给出了高压条件下土的冻融试验方法. 基于该装置, 对有压条件下兰州黄土在不同冷端温度下的单向冻结特征进行了试验研究. 结果表明: 无压单向冻结过程中土的变形以冻胀为主, 而高压情况下则主要表现为压缩变形. 在有压单向冻结过程中, 试样内部仍然存在着明显的水分重分布过程. 试验分析表明, 该试验装置能够为高压条件下土的冻结特征及冻融作用后土的物理力学性质研究提供技术支持. 相似文献
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Modelling raindrop impact and splash erosion processes within a spatial cell: a stochastic approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new approach is proposed to simulate splash erosion on local soil surfaces. Without the effect of wind and other raindrops, the impact of free‐falling raindrops was considered as an independent event from the stochastic viewpoint. The erosivity of a single raindrop depending on its kinetic energy was computed by an empirical relationship in which the kinetic energy was expressed as a power function of the equivalent diameter of the raindrop. An empirical linear function combining the kinetic energy and soil shear strength was used to estimate the impacted amount of soil particles by a single raindrop. Considering an ideal local soil surface with size of 1 m × 1 m, the expected number of received free‐falling raindrops with different diameters per unit time was described by the combination of the raindrop size distribution function and the terminal velocity of raindrops. The total splash amount was seen as the sum of the impact amount by all raindrops in the rainfall event. The total splash amount per unit time was subdivided into three different components, including net splash amount, single impact amount and re‐detachment amount. The re‐detachment amount was obtained by a spatial geometric probability derived using the Poisson function in which overlapped impacted areas were considered. The net splash amount was defined as the mass of soil particles collected outside the splash dish. It was estimated by another spatial geometric probability in which the average splashed distance related to the median grain size of soil and effects of other impacted soil particles and other free‐falling raindrops were considered. Splash experiments in artificial rainfall were carried out to validate the availability and accuracy of the model. Our simulated results suggested that the net splash amount and re‐detachment amount were small parts of the total splash amount. Their proportions were 0·15% and 2·6%, respectively. The comparison of simulated data with measured data showed that this model could be applied to simulate the soil‐splash process successfully and needed information of the rainfall intensity and original soil properties including initial bulk intensity, water content, median grain size and some empirical constants related to the soil surface shear strength, the raindrop size distribution function and the average splashed distance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为实现2025年气象关键核心技术自主可控的目标,气象大数据云平台(简称天擎)建立了基于海光X86服务器和麒麟操作系统的仿真环境。在仿真平台运行中发现,基于容器技术的产品加工与流水线子系统容器调度性能较差,不能满足用户融入算法的时效要求。针对此问题,本文采用对比分析法,选取天擎仿真环境和业务环境的3种CPU芯片服务器和3种操作系统为研究对象,设计了一系列组合对比测试用例,找到了影响容器调度性能的关键因素—操作系统内核,并进一步分析了操作系统内核设置对系统实时性和吞吐量的影响以及适用的业务场景。最后给出了麒麟操作系统内核调整方法,通过调整内核设置,容器调度性能大幅提高,满足了产品加工系统的时效要求,为实现天擎的关键核心技术自主可控奠定基础。 相似文献
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