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1.
Management of summer-spawning herring off Iceland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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This paper presents a computer investigation extending to the case of parabolic orbits, an earlier investigation conducted by Barricelli and Metcalfe (1969) on lunar impacts by external low eccentricity satellites as a means to interpret the asymmetric distribution of lunar maria. Parabolic orbits can be approximated by two kinds of objects:
- High eccentricity external satellites may, near periapsis, approach the Moon with orbital velocity and other characteristics closely resembling those of a parabolic orbit.
- Asteroids and meteoroids approaching the Earth-Moon system with a low velocity may have moved in a nearly parabolic orbit when they reached the lunar distance from the Earth at the time when the impacts which carved the lunar maria took place.
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Seismic tomography shows that upwelling beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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New deformation data from the Askja volcano, Iceland, show that the volcano's caldera has been deflating continuously for over 20 years, and confirm that the rate of subsidence is slowing down. The decay in subsidence rate can be fitted with a function of the form e
−
t
/
τ
, where τ is 39 years. Reanalysis of GPS data from 1993–1998 show that these data can be fitted with a model calling for two Mogi point sources, one shallow, and another one much deeper (16.2 km depth). Pressure decrease occurs in both sources. The deeper source is responsible for observed horizontal contraction towards Askja at distances that cannot be explained by the shallower source. Plate spreading of 19 mm/year distributed evenly over about 100-km-wide zone is also favoured by the data. 相似文献
8.
Aspects of the ecology of a Boreal system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
9.
Vera D’Amico Dario Albarello Ragnar Sigbjörnsson Rajesh Rupakhety 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(7):1797-1811
We present the results of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Iceland in the framework of the EU project UPStrat-MAFA using the so-called site approach implemented in the SASHA computational code. This approach estimates seismic hazard in terms of macroseismic intensity by basically relying on local information about documented effects of past seismic events in the framework of a formally coherent and complete treatment of intensity data. In the case of Iceland, due to the lack of observed intensities for past earthquakes, local seismic histories were built using indirect macroseismic estimates deduced from epicentral information through an empirical attenuation relationship in probabilistic form. Seismic hazard was computed for four exceedance probabilities for an exposure time of 50 years, equivalent to average return periods of 50, 200, 475 and 975 years. For some localities, further return periods were examined and deaggregation analysis was performed. Results appear significantly different from previous seismic hazard maps, though just a semi-qualitative comparison is possible because of the different shaking measure considered (peak ground acceleration versus intensity), and the different computational methodology and input data used in these studies. 相似文献
10.
Benedikt Halldorsson Ragnar Sigbjornsson Johannes Schweitzer 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(1):173-178
A small-aperture, strong-motion array, the ICEARRAY, has been deployed in South Iceland, a region with a history of destructive
earthquakes, some exceeding magnitude 7. The array’s purpose is: (1) monitoring future significant events in the region, (2)
quantifying spatial variability of strong-motion over short distances and (3) shedding light on earthquake source processes.
The number of array stations and their arrangement were based on an optimisation of the shape of the corresponding array transfer
function (ATF). The optimal ICEARRAY configuration comprises 14 stations, has an aperture of ~1.9 km and a minimum interelement
distance of ~50 m and possesses a near-azimuthally independent ATF with a sharp main lobe, negligible sidelobes and a wavenumber
range of 1.5–24 rad/km. Accordingly, the ICEARRAY has the intended capabilities of capturing seismic waves in the frequency
range of 1–20 Hz, which is of main interest to earthquake engineering and engineering seismology applications. 相似文献