Forecasting Copper Prices Using Hybrid Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Genetic Algorithms

Natural Resources Research - An accurate forecasting model for the price volatility of minerals plays a vital role in future investments and decisions for mining projects and related companies. In...     

河南省内黄县河流地质考古研究

河流地质考古学是基于地层研究河流和考古遗址之间关系的学科。近年来我们在河南省内黄县开展的河流地质考古研究揭示了黄河复杂的演化历史,在此基础上进一步探讨了古代人类活动与周围环境的相互作用。本文主要介绍了2010~2016年我们在河南省内黄县3个全新世遗址（岸上、三杨庄和大张龙村）的地质考古工作中所取得的成果。研究区域内遗址的地层记录表明,许多考古遗址被深埋于地下,并可能影响了3000 a B.P.以来的河流沉积过程。我们在岸上遗址发掘了A、B、C、D共4处青铜时代的沟渠遗迹,这些沟渠的堆筑可能影响了后期的沉积过程并导致了遗址周边微地貌的改变;在三杨庄遗址识别出了多层不同时期的人为古土壤,包括新石器晚期、战国时期、汉代和唐代;在大张龙村发现了北宋时期黄河泛滥沉积物,其沉积过程可能受周边村落遗址的影响。根据测得的14C年代和沉积层厚度,本研究进一步对这3处遗址的沉积速率进行了估算,并与前人对华北平原沉积速率的相关研究进行了对比。结果表明,这3处遗址所显示的沉积速率自3000 a B.P.开始显著增加,与对早期历史时期黄河河道沉积速率的估算结果相吻合。因此,基于遗址的地质考古研究能够为探索人与环境的互动关系提供大量信息。未来的工作中,我们需要开展更多基于考古遗址的河流地质考古研究,以深入探讨华北平原的自然沉积过程与文明演进过程之间的关系。

     

河南省内黄县三杨庄全新世以来的孢粉学记录

河南省安阳市内黄县三杨庄汉代遗址地层年代跨度从更新世晚期延续至今,多次的洪水泛滥和古土壤发育形成了三杨庄地层中洪积层与古土壤层的交替出现,距地表850~212cm处包含了5个洪积层和5个古土壤层。孢粉分析结果表明:三杨庄地区10200~7200cal.aB.P.期间孢粉浓度较低,气候较为暖湿; 7200~4500cal.aB.P.期间孢粉浓度显著升高,进入全新世大暖期; 4500~2000cal.aB.P.期间气候向降温变干的趋势发展,但仍比较温暖。洪积层和古土壤层的孢粉组合差异主要表现为洪积层中木本植物花粉(主要为松属)含量显著高于临近的古土壤层,而且人类活动强度越大,这种差距越明显。依据孢粉组合也能较好地划分本区地层中的洪积层和古土壤层。全新世早期该区可能已经有人类从事农业活动,之后虽然遭受多次洪水侵袭,但人类活动并未消失,大致在中全新世晚期之后(约6000cal.aB.P.),人类活动强度不断增强。     

The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain,Henan Province,China

The Sanyangzhuang site, Henan Province, China, has a 12‐m‐deep stratigraphic sequence with remains from the Tang (A.D. 618–907), late Western Han (ca. 140 B.C.–A.D. 23), Warring States (475–221 B.C.), Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age (ca. 5000–1500 B.C.), Middle Holocene, and Early Holocene times. All of the paleosols are deeply buried. We investigate four issues relevant to the archaeology of the lower Yellow River Valley. First, we confirm that the Yellow River flowed north toward Bohai Bay throughout most of the Holocene. Second, we expand understanding of Holocene paleoenvironments. Long episodes of landscape stability punctuated by brief periods of Yellow River flooding represent the dominant environmental pattern. Third, we investigate how the complex relationships between climate, culture, and the environment affect Yellow River flooding, which in turn shapes Chinese civilization and history. Flooding in late Western Han times affected a vast area of north‐central China; this catastrophe contributed to the downfall of the late Western Han Dynasty. Finally, this research sheds light on the role of Yellow River alluviation in site burial and preservation. Rapid alluviation in the region has buried many archaeological sites. Settlement pattern research needs to take seriously the limitations placed on site visibility in quickly aggrading floodplains. However, gentle alluviation has also preserved settlements and entire landscapes providing unparalleled opportunities to explore the archaeological and historical record of the lower Yellow River Valley.     

三维城市环境下射线追踪加速算法

针对传统的射线追踪算法在三维城市环境下存在海量计算、效率低下的问题,该文提出基于城市布局分区、降维、朝向测试、加速多镜法相结合的射线追踪算法。针对各个城市不同的布局特点对地理空间进行区域划分,构建空间索引,排除大量与射线追踪无关的城市建构筑物;同时采用降维处理、朝向测试、加速多镜像相结合的方式,减少空间几何计算的次数,从而提高计算的效率。将该算法与信号覆盖预测理论相结合,实现了点对点的信号准确计算。基于城市移动多媒体的预测结果表明:该算法可以准确、快速地实现城市的区域场强计算。