试论城市地貌环境与城市道路系统的关系*——以四川省几个城市为例

本文分析了城市地貌环境对城市道路系统的影响,认为地貌过程不仅影响了城市道路的建设和管理,而且是城市道路系统布局和发展的重要控制因素。以四川省几个城市为例,分析了山地城市、丘陵城市和平原城市道路系统的不同特点。     

城市地貌学的探讨

城市地貌学是一门兴起不久的新学科,其理论和实践都有待于探索和充实。本文论述了城市化对地貌环境的利用和改造,城市地貌环境的形成和独特性,以及城市地貌研究的变革性特点。作者认为,城市地貌学应从城市的地貌环境和人类活动这两个系统的矛盾运动中,分析城市化与地貌环境的相互联系和作用,使城市地貌环境得到合理利用与保护。     

简析城市地貌环境脆弱带

论述了城市地貌的脆弱性,分析了其脆弱带的特点,认为环境的变异敏感度高、持续利用性降低和对灾变的承受弹性减小是城市地貌环境脆弱带的重要特征。     

高清气象影视虚拟演播室系统设计与调试

以华风集团高清虚拟演播室建设项目为案例,论述了高清虚拟演播室技术在系统建设、系统调试、天气预报节目业务实现环节需要重点解决的几个问题和难点。根据气象电视节目制作要求,在从虚拟演播室系统系统建设到节目制作业务化的整个过程中,重点解决了音频系统延时量计算、绿箱景区施工、绿箱景区灯光布局、绿箱色键抠像调试、摄像机定位与跟踪调试、气象数据调用与转换共6个关键性技术问题。此次业务系统实践的成功是虚拟演播室技术在全国气象影视行业高清节目制作中的应用和推广的很好尝试。     

国外城市地貌研究的现状和趋势

本文简要介绍了国外城市地貌研究的发展和现状,论述了其应用特点与理论探讨,并分析了国外城市地貌研究的发展趋势。     

城市地貌学研讨班在渝召开

1988年9月5日至18日，西南师范大学地理系在重庆北碚举办了首届城市地貌学研讨班。参加研讨班的有来自全国各大专院校、科研机构和城市建设部门的20名学者。研讨班共收到21篇论文和译文，并交流了城市地貌方面的资料和信息。     

Survivorship of coral juveniles in a fish farm environment

Intensive fish farming is an emerging coastal activity that can potentially enhance sedimentation and promote eutrophication in fringing coral reefs. Here, we investigate the effect of fish farm effluent on the juvenile survivorship of the reef-building coral Seriatopora caliendrum. One-month old juvenile corals (on terracotta tiles) were deployed in fish farm and reference (reef) sites in Bolinao, the Philippines at a depth of 2m. After forty days, no survivor was recovered in the fish farm, while survivorship was low (11%) in the reference site, with the survivors' growth rate at 3.3polypsmo(-1) or 1.3mm(2)mo(-1). The fish farm deployed tiles were covered with muddy sediment and were colonized by barnacles, whereas those in the reference site were overgrown by a short stand of filamentous macroalgae. Environmental monitoring revealed higher nutrient levels (ammonia and phosphate), sedimentation rate, and organic matter flux, as well as diminished water transparency and dissolved oxygen levels in the fish farm compared to the reference site. Hence, intensive fish farming offers a suite of physical, chemical and biological modifications of the coastal marine environment which have a detrimental effect on the survivorship of coral juveniles.     

Differential survival of coral transplants on various substrates under elevated water temperatures

Closely related scleractinian coral species that exhibited similar survival patterns under relatively normal field conditions responded very differently to the occurrence of an environmental disturbance. The two species studied were Porites cylindrica and Porites rus which occur in the same reef zones in shallow reef flats. Transplants of both species were evenly distributed and attached to three different types of substrate: live coral colonies of P. cylindrica, dead coral colonies (also of P. cylindrica), and epoxy coated metal grids that were raised above the sandy substrate. With the onset of above-normal water temperatures due to the El Ni?o episode of 1998, P. cylindrica transplants immediately showed signs of bleaching stress and tissue necrosis, followed by algal overgrowth and mortality soon afterwards. In contrast, transplants of P. rus bleached more slowly and suffered less mortality, with a few actually showing signs of recovery at the end of the experimental period which covered a total of 14 weeks. These differences in responses could be attributed to properties of the symbiotic zooxanthellae, of the host coral tissue itself, or both. Over-all, survival was good on the metal grids (average of 35%), and on the live coral (average of 22%). It was poor on the dead coral (average of 6%). The metal grids as well as live coral tissue apparently provided a favorable substrate for the attached coral fragments, even for those of a different species. Under the conditions of this particular study, attachment of live coral fragments on already dead colonies for the purpose of increasing live coral cover on the reef did not yield favorable results. This is an area that requires further investigation.