西藏尼玛地区古近纪美苏组的建立

通过1：25万邦多区幅地质调查，在尼玛县西部拉舍—岷千日一带发现一套基性—中性—酸性—酸碱性火山岩岩石组合，其时代属古新世—始新世，新创建美苏组。描述了该组的分布、岩性、岩相、古生物及同位素年代特征，讨论了其形成的构造环境。     

论江西双桥山群的底界问题

１∶５万庐山地区区域地质调查和专题研究，在星子县黄岭一带发现一套巨厚层状复成分的变质砾岩。根据该变质砾岩的砾石成分、变形组构及区域分布特点，以及上部（双桥山群）与下部（星子岩群）地层在变质与变形方面存在明显差别，认为变质砾岩应属于双桥山群的底部层位，是中元古界双桥山群与下伏下元古界星子岩群不整合关系的佐证。由于受后期构造叠加改造的影响，现今二者呈断层或隐蔽不整合接触关系。     

Identification of a Long-Chain Fatty Acid Elongase from Nannochloropsis sp. Involved in the Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids by Heterologous Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. contains various elongases and desaturases that are critical for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A full-length cDNA encoding a long-chain fatty acid elongase, named Ns FAE, was cloned from Nannochloropsis sp.. The open reading frame of Ns FAE(GenBank accession no. MF680548) consisted of 1068 bp and encoded a predicted protein of 355 amino acids with molecular mass 38.8 k Da. The deduced polypeptide showed 43%–44% identity to fatty acyl elongases from other algae. RT-PCR experiments indicated that the Ns FAE gene exhibited the highest expression in Nannochloropsis sp. at 72 h(i.e., during the third growth stage) and the expression was significantly lower in the other four growth stages. Plasmid p Ns FAE-CRISPR and a recombinant DNA fragment(ADH1p-Ns FAE-CYCt) were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742 using the CRISPR-Cas system. Yeast transformants containing Ns FAE produced three fatty acids not normally present in wild-type BY4742-linoleic acid, linolenic acid and eicosadienoic acid-indicating that Ns FAE encodes a functional elongase enzyme.     

中国省域耕地集约利用态势与驱动力分析

基于“理性小农”、超边际经济学等理论,建立了农户耕地集约利用解释的理论框架。构建了集约利用度指数 (CII) 和驱动力模型,分析了1996-2008年中国省域的耕地集约利用程度及其影响因素。研究结果表明：我国耕地利用集约度总体大幅度提高,但地域差异明显,初步形成了第一阶梯较高集约度、第二三阶梯较低集约度的空间格局;耕地集约利用的首要贡献来自于化肥、机械、农药等省工性劳动的大量使用,其次是资本投入和劳动力;耕地自然本底条件、耕地经济收益和劳动力生产率,与耕地集约度呈正相关,而耕地非农化效益与耕地利用集约度呈负相关。基于研究结论的政策引申：加强政策引导,科学合理使用非可再生能源等省工性劳动;切实改善农业生产条件,适度规模经营,提升劳动生产率和耕地综合生产力;提高耕地经营性经济补贴标准,激励农户稳定从事农业生产的积极性。     

Quantitative estimation presort of glacier lake outburst debris flow based on bucket effect

Glacier-lake outburst debris flow(GLODF),unique in high altitude mountains where modern glacier is active,is significantly large in its scale of time and space,and strong in power of destroy.Following the world’s becoming warmer,GLODF frequency gradually rises.In late years,quantitative estimation methodologies has been put into use of mass GLODF estimations.To improve former methodologies,this article suggests that the glacier(or the massif)on the trailing edge and the moraine dam are the two major systems providing independent glacier lake outburst possibilities.Bucket Effect exists in GLODF issues.Therefore focusing on the relatively unstable one of the above two provides better accuracy in estimation on GLODF possibility.Thus,this article summarizes method of presort through specific GLODF evaluation.     

新疆区域基础设施与经济耦合的关联分析

本文以新疆为例,运用灰色关联分析法构建出区域基础设施与经济交互作用的关联度模型和耦合度模型,定性与定量相结合揭示出新疆基础设施与经济发展耦合的主要影响因素及耦合机制,并分别从时空角度分析耦合度的时序演变规律和空间分布特点。研究结果表明:(1)基础设施与经济发展各要素之间的耦合是复杂的,总体上表现在基础设施对经济发展的支撑、反馈作用和经济发展对基础设施的促进作用两个方面。通过关联度计算遴选出作用于经济的10项基础设施指标和影响基础设施的6项经济指标,它们较为全面地反映了系统交互耦合的机制;(2)交通运输、邮电通信与人均GDP的关联性最强,进一步建立作用关系模型,得出交通运输、邮电通信的基本建设投入对人均GDP的弹性为0.264。(3)基础设施和经济发展耦合度的时序变动表现出明显的阶段性和波动性,且空间各异,根据耦合度大小并结合区域经济发展与基础设施建设的实际情况,将新疆15个地州市划分为经济发展超前型、趋近协调型、同步协调型和低水平耦合型等4种类型,总体而言以同步协调型为主。     

Characteristics and influencing factors of grass-feeding livestock breeding in China: An economic geographical perspective

The development of grass-feeding livestock breeding is the key to promoting the transition from grain-consumption type animal husbandry to grain-saving type animal husbandry in China, and to solving the problem of competition for grain between people and livestock. From the perspective of economic geography, this paper first defines the conversion standard for the breeding quantity of livestock, and then uses exploratory spatial data analysis technology and econometric models and methods to systematically investigate the sequential variation process, geographical aggregation characteristics, and influencing factors of grass-feeding livestock breeding in China. The study results show the following: 1) The breeding quantity of grass-feeding livestock in China has an obvious overall growth trend, but there is an obvious difference among the livestock species. During the period 1978–2012, the breeding quantity of grass-feeding livestock in China grew by 92.5%; and the breeding quantity within the same period was beef cattle > sheep > dairy cow. 2) On the county scale, the number of increasing areas of the breeding quantity of grass-feeding livestock is larger than the number of decreasing areas, and the growth rate of breeding quantity of grass-feeding livestock in northern China is higher than that in southern China, which initially forms the pattern of “hot in the north and cold in the south”. 3) The spatial Durbin model shows that the per capita output of grain, proportion of productive land area, urban per capita disposable income, agricultural mechanization level, agricultural labor productivity and policy factor have positive effects on the development of grass-feeding livestock breeding, while the per capita GDP, urbanization level and proportion of non-agricultural income have obvious negative effects on it. 4) Grass-feeding livestock breeding in China can be divided into six major types of areas, and each type of area should be regulated and controlled in terms of their respective focus of attention according to regional conditions and situation of agricultural production.     

玄武岩纤维加筋黄土承载比试验研究

为研究纤维加筋黄土CBR值影响因素及纤维增强土体机理,以短切玄武岩纤维为筋材,通过改变土体含水率、纤维长度、纤维含量、击实次数、浸水时间等条件进行加州承载比试验,探究初始含水率、纤维参数及试验方法对加筋土局部抗剪强度的影响规律。结果表明:纤维加筋土CBR值随含水率的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,存在“施工最优含水率”且相比击实试验最优含水率高1%～3%左右;纤维加筋土CBR值高于黄土CBR值,确定纤维长度20 mm,纤维含量0.4%为最优配比;击实次数从30击增加到98击,黄土CBR值提高273%,纤维加入后CBR值提高327%,加筋作用使土体通过提高击实功来提升强度的效果更加显著;浸水对试样CBR值影响较大,浸水时间对试样CBR值影响较小,且纤维的加入使试样对浸水时间的敏感度进一步降低,加筋土浸水2 d后强度降低54%,浸水4 d后强度降低58%。     

着力加强四大能力建设努力提升气象为农村改革发展服务水平

阐述了新时期推进农村改革发展对气象工作提出的新要求,以及农村防灾减灾、保障粮食安全、发展现代农业、农业应对气候变化对气象服务的新需求。面对新要求、新需求,江西气象部门必须坚持以科学发展观为指导,以服务农村经济社会发展和农民福祉安康为宗旨,以提高面向“三农”气象服务能力为核心,加快推进城乡公共气象服务均等化,着力建设发展适应江西省农业防灾减灾、农业应对气候变化、粮食安全保障、社会主义新农村建设需要的现代农业气象业务,着力发展农村公共气象服务,着力提升气象为农服务科技水平,努力实现气象为农村改革发展服务的新突破。     

辽河东部凹陷驾掌寺—小龙湾地区沙三段上亚段沉积古地理及聚煤作用分析

利用钻探、测井及地震资料对辽河盆地东部凹陷驾掌寺—小龙湾地区沙河街组三段上亚段进行了沉积环境和聚煤作用分析,编制了各种单因素图件及古地理图,识别出冲积扇、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲以及滨浅湖等古地理单元。分析认为,研究区物源来自东侧东部斜坡带和西侧中央凸起,并在区内沉积中心—驾掌寺—小龙湾凹陷处汇集,在适宜的气候、缓和的构造背景、适中的沉降幅度、较少的碎屑输入条件下,有一定水体深度的三角洲平原分流间湾沼泽区是成煤的有利地带,巨厚煤层分布于小龙湾地区的小14井、小5井以及小31井一带。