PLS RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION:THE CARSO PROCEDURE

The paper presents a procedure to obtain response surfaces with non-designed data.The method is basedon PLS modelling of the expanded X-matrix followed by transformation of the PLS loadings intopolynomial coefficients and detection of the co-ordinates of the best response within the experimentaldomain.The results are presented both graphically and numerically.The procedure is validated on anoptimization study of the yield of an organic reaction.     

The θ-S relations in the northern seas: Implications for the deep circulation

The θ-S relations for the cold, saline deep and bottom waters in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas and the Polar Ocean are displayed and discussed. The differences in θ-S curves are explained by a mixing of the deep water masses and by the injection of waters from above consisting of cold dense water formed by cooling and ice formation at the sea surface and entrained warm water from the intermediate layers. Estimates of the strength of the deep water circulation are based upon the changes in θ-S curves and on some assumptions about the transformations of the Bering Strait inflow in the Chukchi Sea and on the Alaskan shelf.     

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR CUSP RESONANCE IN DISSIPATIVE MHD

The present paper considers resonant slow waves in 1D non-uniform magnetic flux tubes in dissipative MHD. Analytical solutions are obtained for the Lagrangian displacement and the Eulerian perturbation of the total pressure for both static and stationary equilibrium states. From these analytical solutions we obtain the fundamental conservation law and the jump conditions for resonant slow waves in dissipative MHD. The validity of the ideal conservation law and jump conditions obtained by Sakurai, Goossens, and Hollweg (1991) for static equilibria and Goossens, Hollweg, and Sakurai (1992) for stationary equilibria is justified in dissipative MHD.     

Hydrographic and current measurements in the Fram Strait, August 1981

The hydrographic (CTD) observations and pendulum current measurements obtained with M/S 'Lance' in August 1981 in the area west and north of Spitsbergen, are presented. The warm and saline northward flow, known as the West Spitsbergen Current, is found to follow the shelf break. In the Fram Strait the hydrographic structure is complicated because of eddies and other transient movements. The current measurements suggest a two-layer structure where the velocity vector rotates in opposite directions in the two layers with a period near the semidiurnal tidal period.     

The outflow of polar water through the Arctic Archipelago and the oceanographic conditions in Baffin Bay

The transports of mass, heat, and salt through the Arctic Archipelago are estimated by two different approaches. First: A baroclinic, rotationally controlled flow is assumed through the Arctic Archipelago and the Davis Strait, with all passages transporting at maximum capacity. Second: Mass, salt, and energy balances are considered for the upper 'cold core' in Baffin Bay. The mass transport in the first case decreases and in the second case increases with increasing salinity in the Beaufort Sea. It is thus possible to determine a salinity at which both approaches give the same mass transport. The outflow in the upper layers is estimated at 0.7 · 10⁹ kg s⁻¹ with a salinity of 32.9. The amount of water from the Polar Ocean entering the deeper (Atlantic) layer in Baffin Bay is more difficult to assess. A tentative value of 0.3 10·kg s⁻¹ with a salinity cf 34.3 is proposed.