海水养殖鱼类细菌性疾病研究概况

本文概述性地介绍了发生在海水养殖中的常见细菌性疾病包括弧菌现、链球菌症、卡诺氏菌症、细菌性肾病、巴斯德氏杀菌症、爱德华氏症、滑走细菌症和杀鲑气单胞菌症等的主要症状、流行情况及病原菌特征，通过遗传育种筛选有抗病力的养殖品种是人们正在努力的方向，目前的研究重点主要在鱼类抗病能力方差分析研究及抗病育种的方法研究，免疫接种是提高养殖鱼类对某一特定性病原菌的最有效的方法，目前已有三十多种菌苗上市，通过使用免疫刺激剂提高鱼类的非特异性免疫力已显示一定的应用前景，虽然抗菌素由于存在抗药菌株和鱼体残留，但它仍是目前对细菌性疾病疾病的常规疗法，而海洋藻类提取物对细菌的抑制作用已被人们所认识，它将会成为一种有潜力的抗菌药物。     

硬骨鱼类的渗透压调节

生活在淡水或海水中的各种硬骨鱼类,它们体液的渗透浓度是比较接近和稳定的,但它们所生活的外界水环境的盐度却相差很大,鱼类为了维持体内一定的渗透浓度必须进行渗透压调节,鱼类调节渗透压能力的大小,决定了它们对水环境盐度变化的耐受力。研究鱼类的渗透压调节机能对生产实践有一定的指导意义。譬如通过研究     

天津市地下水资源与可持续利用

天津市是我国主要缺水城市之一。1990～2000年地表水年平均用水量16 33×108m3,地下水年平均用水量7 11×108m3,地下水的供水比例约占30%左右。1990～2002年,按全国统一部署,对天津市地下水资源进行了新一轮评价,评价结果是天津市地下水天然资源为18 13×108m3 a,矿化度小于5g L的天然资源为15 75×108m3 a,可开采资源为8 27×108m3 a,其中浅层水2 58×108m3 a,深层水3 56×108m3 a,隐伏岩溶水1 24×108m3 a,山区1 10×108m3 a。天津市地下水开采程度已达90 45%,除蓟县、宝坻、宁河、静海略有盈余,其余各区、县已超采。要解决天津市规划需水量(2010年)56 76×108m3 a的要求,必须采取外调水源、工农业节水和污水回收利用、海水淡化利用、利用坑、塘、洼、淀尽可能拦蓄汛期弃水等措施。天津市每年7×108～8×108m3的地下水资源为多年稳定补给的地下水资源,属可持续利用的水资源,但必须调整开采布局,压缩深层水的开采量,以遏制地面沉降继续发展。在连续干旱年份,为解决城镇生产及生活用水的燃眉之急,保证城市供水安全,建立一种非常规的并有一定开采周期的应急供水水源地,可缓解一部分供水压力。经初步论证,蓟县平原区和宝坻中北部第四系全淡水区及邻近的咸水分布区,有望建成大型集中供水水源地。经勘查,蓟     

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.     

印尼贯穿流源区马鲁古海与哈马黑拉海水团来源的季节和年际变化

So far, large uncertainties of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) reside in the eastern Indonesian seas, such as the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea. In this study, the water sources of the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea are diagnosed at seasonal and interannual timescales and at different vertical layers, using the state-of-the-art simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model(OGCM) for Earth Simulator(OFES). Asian monsoon leaves clear seasonal footprints on the eastern Indonesian seas. Consequently, the subsurface waters(around 24.5σ_θ and at ～150 m) in both the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea stem from the South Pacific(SP) during winter monsoon, but during summer monsoon the Maluku Sea is from the North Pacific(NP), and the Halmahera Sea is a mixture of waters originating from the NP and the SP. The monsoon impact decreases with depth, so that in the Maluku Sea, the intermediate water(around 26.8σ_θ and at ～480 m) is always from the northern Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea water is mainly from the SP in winter and the Banda Sea in summer. The deep waters(around27.2σ_θ and at ～1 040 m) in both seas are from the SP, with weak seasonal variability. At the interannual timescale,the subsurface water in the Maluku Sea originates from the NP/SP during El Ni?o/La Ni?a, while the subsurface water in the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. Similar to the seasonal variability, the intermediate water in Maluku Sea mainly comes from the Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. The deep waters in both seas are from the SP. Our findings are helpful for drawing a comprehensive picture of the water properties in the Indonesian seas and will contribute to a better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the maritime continent.     

动力快充型电池作为测绘无人机电池应用的可行性分析

分析了目前市面上无人机电池对测绘类无人机行业应用的制约,提出了动力快充型电池作为测绘无人机电池应用的可能性,并着重对微宏动力电池替代无人机常用Tattu电池进行了技术对标和可行性分析。     

三疣梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的病原及其致病性研究

为进一步搞清养殖梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的病原及其致病机理,找到有效的防治方法,2002-2004年在浙江省宁波、舟山等地养殖场,从濒死的梭子蟹体内分离出1205-11和1205-21两株菌。通过菌体形态、培养特性和生理生化反应,鉴定这2株菌分别为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和葡萄牙假丝酵母(Candida lusitaniae)。人工感染试验证实,这2株菌是梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的病原菌,葡萄牙假丝酵母为继发性感染病原,蟹体外部的损伤及蟹之间相互残伤可能是传染的主要途径。     

基于混合像元分解技术的植被信息抑制研究与应用

植被覆盖直接影响地质信息提取的精度,是遥感地质中的难点。利用混合像元分解方法可从像元中剥离出植被成分,进而获得相对纯粹的地质信息,因此具有抑制植被信息的作用。利用混合像元分解方法分解图像的植被像元组分,利用归一化植被指数变化情况描述植被抑制效果,并结合主成分分析法对实验区域进行地层界线划分。结果表明,该方法可有效划分地层界线。     

印度尼西亚海及周边海域层结的时空变化特征分析

本文利用World Ocean Atlas 2013(WOA13)和Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3.1.1(SODA v3.3.1)温盐资料,分析印尼贯穿流(ITF)路径及所经印度尼西亚海及周边西太平洋、南海和东印度洋海域的层结强度(N2)和跃层特征的三维时空变化特征....     

面向游客的区域旅游地理信息系统

一、区域旅游地理信息系统的实现区域旅游地理信息系统,是指将地理信息系统技术应用于旅游,将区域内含有旅游信息的数据（如地图、图片、声音等）输入计算机,实现旅游信息的存储、查询、管理等工作的电子化、自动化。所谓面向游客的区域旅游地理信息系统,实质上是供大饭店、旅行社或有关部门使用,主要为游客服务的有关旅游的地理信息系统。用户利用这个系统,可以很容易地把游客或他们所关心的某个地区的有关旅游的各种实际资料（如图片、地图及文字资料等）输入计算机,形成一个实用的旅游信息系统,形象直观、生动活泼地开展业务,优…