黑河流域典型生态系统的降雨截留特征——基于高时间分辨率的土壤水分数据（英文）

Rainfall interception is of great significance to the fully utilization of rainfall in water limited areas.Until now,studies on rainfall partitioning process of typical ecosystems in Heihe River Basin,one of the most important inland river basins in China,is still insufficient.In this study,six typical ecosystems were selected,namely alpine meadow,coniferous forest,mountain steppe,desert,cultivated crop,and riparian forest,in Heihe River Basin for investigation of the rainfall interception characteristics and their influencing factors,including rainfall amount,duration,and intensity,based on the gross rainfall and high temporal resolution soil moisture data obtained from 12 automatic observation sites.The results show that the average interception amount and average interception rate of the six ecosystems are significantly different: alpine meadow 6.2 mm and 45.9%,coniferous forest 7.4 mm and 69.1%,mountain steppe 3.5 mm and 37.3%,desert 3.5 mm and 57.2%,cultivated crop 4.5 mm and 69.1%,and riparian forest 2.6 mm and 66.7%,respectively.The rainfall amount,duration,and intensity all had impact on the process of rainfall interception.Among these three factors,the impact of rainfall amount was most significant.The responses of these ecosystems to the rainfall characteristics were also different.Analyzing rainfall interception with high temporal resolution soil moisture data is proved to be a feasible method and need further development in the future.     

山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架研究

面对当前严峻的资源环境与生态压力,习近平总书记提出了山水林田湖草生命共同体的理念,截至2019年底全国共开展了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。虽然已有工作取得了一定成效,但也存在保护修复目标不明确、整体性与系统性不足、人工干预的工程措施过度、缺乏动态监测评价、难以实现人与自然和谐共生等诸多问题。鉴此,本研究在梳理景观生态学、恢复生态学相关理论,基于自然的解决方案、适应性管理、社会-经济-自然复合生态系统以及生态系统服务等相关理念的基础上,构建了包含有区域(省)、景观、生态系统以及子项目4个层次的山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架,并提出了项目实施全程监测管理的技术要求,以期为推进山水林田湖草生命共同体的整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提供理论与技术支撑。     

基于NbS的山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践探索

为应对我国生态领域的诸多问题,探索山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复路径,2016—2018年我国实施了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。工程实施对维护国家生态安全起到了积极作用,但仍然存在对生态系统内在机理和规律认识不足、过度依赖工程措施、配套管理政策措施不健全等突出问题。近年来,基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)受到国际社会的广泛认可与关注。本文对NbS的定义、核心理念与准则、实施方法和典型案例进行了梳理,并从NbS的视角对我国山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程在时空尺度、目标设置、技术措施、实施管理制度机制等方面存在的问题进行了剖析。最后,提出吸收借鉴NbS理念与方法以完善我国山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程的建议,包括跨尺度开展设计、建立多元化目标、构建科学的工程技术模式与标准,以及完善多方参与、跨区域合作、可持续资金保障、适应性管理等制度机制。