容县压实花岗岩残积土的力学性质与微结构特性研究

选取广西容县花岗岩残积土为研究对象,取击实曲线上3个不同含水率对应的压实样（最佳含水率及干侧、湿侧,后两者对应的干密度相同）分别进行了直剪试验、扫描电镜观测（SEM）和压汞试验（MIP）,并从微观特征解释其力学性能的差异。结果表明:（1）花岗岩残积土在3种压实状态下具有相同应力-应变曲线形状,无明显峰值,抗剪强度在最佳状态时的最高,湿侧状态抗剪强度与干侧状态相近,3种状态下内摩擦角值差别较小,但黏聚力在最佳状态时最大,干侧和湿侧状态较最佳状态分别下降66.4%和43.1%;（2）花岗岩残积土在湿侧状态下普遍形成团聚体,团聚体之间呈架空结构,累积孔隙体积最大,为明显的双峰分布孔隙特征;在最佳状态下组构最密,高岭石片定向性排列;在干侧状态下高岭石片呈片架结构,累积孔隙体积最小;随着含水率的降低,土样双峰孔隙特征逐渐变得不明显;（3）花岗岩残积土在不同状态时的微观特性较好地解释其力学性质的差异。     

长江口及其邻近陆架区夏季网采浮游植物及其影响因素

2009年6、8月长江口及其邻近陆架区的网采样品中检出浮游植物9门395种(含223种硅藻与125种甲藻)。浮游植物丰度8月(3 077.15×104 cells/m3)显著高于6月(107.80×104 cells/m3)。随长江冲淡水势力增强,位于长江口的丰度高值区8月较6月更偏外侧。种类丰富度8月高于6月,但多样性和均匀度指数略低于6月。6月尖刺伪菱形藻和三角角藻占绝对优势,8月优势种主要有尖刺伪菱形藻、笔尖形根管藻和铁氏束毛藻。骨条藻虽非优势种,但在长江冲淡水区丰度较高。相似性分析和多维尺度分析表明,浮游植物群落组成时空差异显著。典范对应分析表明,温度和盐度是分别影响6、8月群落分布的首要因子。根据水动力和化学参数,该区浮游植物群落分布与环流变化和水团消长密切相关。     

1990—2019年江苏片区入太湖水量变化及原因分析

为了对江苏片区主要入太湖水量的原因进行定量化分析研究,基于1990-2019年的气象数据、遥感数据以及沿江引水量数据,借助Mann-Kendall趋势检验与突变检验法、Envi5.3以及Pearson系数法分别对近30年入湖水量、建筑用地、降雨量和蒸发量与引江水量进行了突变检验,并以入湖水量为因变量,对各因素间的相关性和贡献度做了量化研究.结果表明,研究区域的入湖水量近30年来上升趋势达到了95%,城市化率、气象条件和沿江引水量都是导致其变化的主要原因,其中人为干扰(城市化率和沿江引水量)与自然影响(气象条件)的贡献度各占50%.未来建议强化海绵城市的建设,合理科学地对沿江水资源进行调度使用,以降低城镇化率上升与外部引水增加带来的影响.     

塔里木盆地西南地区早中寒武世岩相古地理

塔里木盆地西南地区早中寒武世岩相古地理存在一定争议,这制约了该区的勘探评价。综合利用露头、钻井和地震资料,开展沉积相、地震相分析,并结合区域构造背景,恢复了岩相古地理格局,提出了相应的沉积模式。中下寒武统发育陆棚相、开阔台地相、局限台地相、蒸发台地相和缓坡相。震旦纪末期麦盖提斜坡南部形成水下低隆起,向南在西南坳陷区残留部分被动陆缘,主要发育缓坡相、陆棚相;麦盖提斜坡区地势较高,地层较薄,主要发育局限台地和蒸发台地潮坪;巴楚隆起区水体局限,在干燥炎热气候下形成了厚度较大的蒸发台地膏盐湖沉积。巴楚隆起区和麦盖提斜坡区中下寒武统膏盐岩分布广泛,与下伏碳酸盐岩可构成良好的储盖组合,西南坳陷区残留部分被动陆缘,烃源岩发育条件较好,这表明塔西南具有较好的油气前景。     

Spatio-temporal distribution of net-collected phytoplankton community and its response to marine exploitation in Xiangshan Bay

To explore the spatial-temporal distribution of the phytoplankton community and evaluate the combined effects of marine resource exploitation, net-collected phytoplankton and physical-chemical parameters were investigated in the Xiangshan Bay during the four seasons of 2010. A total of eight phyla, 97 genera, and 310 species were found, including 232 diatom species, 45 dinoflagellate species and 33 other taxa. The phytoplankton abundances presented a significant (P<0.001) seasonal difference with the average of 60.66×10⁴ cells/m³. Diatoms (mainly consisting of Coscinodiscus jonesianus, Cerataulina pelagica, Skeleto n ema costatum, and genus Chaetoceros) dominated the phytoplankton assemblage in all seasons. We found great spatio-temporal variation in community composition based on the multidimensional scaling and similarity analysis. Canonical correspondence analysis show that temperature, nutrition, illumination, and salinity were the main variables associated with microalgal assemblage. Compared with the previous studies, an increase in phytoplankton abundance and change in the dominant species coincided with increased exploitation activities in this bay (e.g. operation of coastal power plants, intensive mariculture, tidal flat reclamation, and industrial and agricultural development). The present findings suggest that the government should exercise caution when deciding upon developmental patterns in the sea-related economy.     

The ecological distributions of N, P utilizing bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in the moderate hypoxia zone of the Changjiang Estuary

The distributions of N utilizing bacteria (denitrifying bacteria and ammonifying bacteria), P utilizing bacteria (organic phosphobacteria and inorganic phosphobacteria) and heterotrophic bacteria in the Changjiang Estuary, and the roles of main environmental factors in distributing bacteria, are explored with observations from two cruises in June and August 2006. Comparisons between the two important periods of initial hypoxia phase (June) and developed hypoxia phase (August) show differences in both bacterial distributions and the associated main environmental factors. First, the primary group of ammonifying bacteria has larger magnitude with spatial maximum value in the hypoxic stations related to sediment in August. The phosphobacterial abundance and detection rates in August are much lower than those in June, but the denitrifying bacterial abundance becomes greater in August. However, the difference of heterotrophic bacterial abundance between June and August is not obvious. Second, main environmental factors influencing bacteria vary from initial hypoxia phase to developed hypoxia phase. Two parameters (salinity and NO₃ ^?) in surface water and five environmental parameters (pH, salinity, PO₄ ^3?, NO₃ ^? and temperature) in bottom water and surface sediment play major roles in the bacterial abundance in June, while different parameter combinations (salinity and PO₄ ^?) in surface water and different parameter combinations (DO, DOC, NO₃ ^?, PO₄ ^3? and pH) in bottom water and surface sediment play major roles in August. Moreover, the bottom bacteria distributions in area south of 31°N are related to the position of the Taiwan Warm Current in June. The bacterial abundance and distribution may respond to the environmental change in the hypoxia processes of initial phase and developed phase. During the hypoxia processes, the whole structure of bacterial functional groups probably turns to different states, causing the recycling of nutrient regeneration and aggravating hypoxia regionally.     

Heat flow pattern, base of methane hydrates stability zones and BSRs in Shenhu Area, northern South China Sea

Using the collected 433 heat flow values, we estimated the bases of methane hydrate stability zone (BHSZ), in northern South China Sea (NSCS). Through comparing BHSZs with the depths of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), in Shenhu Area (SA), we found that there are big differences between them. In the north of SA, where the water depth is shallow, many slumps developed and the sedimentation rate is high, it appears great negative difference (as large as -192%). However, to the southeast of SA, where the water depth is deeper, sedimentation rate is relatively low and uplift basement topography exists, it changes to positive difference (as large as +45%). The differences change so great, which haven’t been observed in other places of the world. After considering the errors from the process of heat flow measurement, the BSR depth, the relationship of thermal conductivity with the sediments depth, and the fluid flow activities, we conclude that the difference should be not caused by these errors. Such big disagreement may be due to the misunderstanding of BSR. The deviant “BSRs” could represent the paleo-BSRs or just gas-bearing sediment layers, such as unconformities or the specific strata where have different permeability, which are not hydraterelated BSRs.     

考虑水阻力的涉水滑坡运动速度计算模型研究

对于高速运动的涉水滑坡,水阻力是影响其运动速度大小的重要因素。论文设计了包括运动装置、传感装置、速度控制装置和传动装置的块体水下运动阻力的实验系统,分别进行了6块面积不同的块体分别以5种不同速度在水下运动实验,水下运动速度选取5个水平值,分别为0.5ms-1、0.8ms-1、1.0ms-1、1.5ms-1、1.8ms-1; 通过实验分析了压强水头增量与运动速度之间的相关关系,导出了水下运动块体迎水面的压强水头计算模型和迎水面阻力计算模型; 以曲线滑动型涉水滑坡为模型,分析了涉水滑坡水上部分和涉水部分受力模式; 基于滑坡动力学和运动学方程,结合条分方法,提出了曲线滑动型涉水滑坡运动速度的计算模型; 以2007年6月15日发生的清江北岸的大堰塘滑坡为例,分考虑迎水面水阻力和不考虑迎水面水阻力2种情况,分别计算了滑坡的运动速度,定量分析了水阻力对滑坡速度的影响。     

地质钻探技术与应用研究

钻探技术是取得地下实物资料、验证地下信息推断与解释、最终圈定矿体、计算储量、评估品位唯一的技术手段,是实现取得宏观影响大成果的重要技术支撑.我国钻探技术和装备水平与国外先进国家相比有很大的差距,但近些年来有了长足的发展.通过国家重大科学工程项目“中国大陆科学钻探工程”5158m“科钻一井”的实施,取得了一系列钻探技术成...     

昆仑古特提斯构造转换与镍钴锰锂关键矿产成矿作用研究

【研究目的】 特提斯构造域研究愈来愈显示为原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯三分的特点,其中古特提斯洋的形成演化及其成矿作用的研究较为薄弱。【研究方法】 本文根据东昆仑夏日哈木早泥盆世超大型镍钴硫化物矿床、帕米尔玛尔坎苏晚石炭世大型火山源沉积型富锰矿和西昆仑大红柳滩晚三叠世大型伟晶岩型锂铍矿床发现事实,将它们成矿的构造地质背景演化作为主线关联起来研究,提出它们分别代表了古特提斯裂解、大洋扩张和闭合后碰撞构造转换结果的认识。【研究结果】 认为与古亚洲洋同期的原特提斯洋于志留纪末碰撞闭合后,在冈瓦纳大陆北缘由于地幔柱作用改造的软流圈发生部分熔融而裂解,形成了以夏日哈木与裂解背景幔源镁铁—超镁铁岩有关的超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床;随着进一步扩张,在早石炭世形成了古特提斯成熟大洋,由于大洋中脊喷发提供的成矿物质,在晚石炭纪随着大洋快速扩张向消减的转换,洋底碳酸盐岩沉积中形成了玛尔坎苏大型富菱锰矿矿床;古特提斯洋闭合后于中三叠世进入碰撞造山阶段,于晚三叠世后碰撞阶段地壳重熔形成的S型花岗岩高温热液流体,并造就了大红柳滩大型伟晶岩型锂铍矿床。早晚古生代之交是古特提斯洋裂解的开始,此时秦祁昆洋为代表的原特提斯主洋已经闭合,作为原特提斯洋弧后盆地的古亚洲洋尽管尚未闭合,但夏日哈木镍钴矿床则是原特提斯造山后陆壳再次裂解的产物,并非形成于原特提斯洋岛弧或后碰撞的环境;锰是亲石元素,岩浆作用中不富集,而在外生沉积作用中富集,说明古特提斯早石炭世新生洋壳是富锰的,淋滤出的锰离子在晚石炭世相对宁静洋底深处碱性环境中形成沉积型碳酸锰矿,代表了较为强烈的岩浆作用阶段向相对宁静的沉积环境的转换;大红柳滩S型花岗岩基及其大规模伟晶岩型锂铍矿的产出,则反映了强烈的碰撞造山作用导致的地壳重熔的地球动力学背景,应是古特提斯洋缝合造山后或后碰撞伸展的环境。【结论】 就已有的成矿事实,东昆仑康西瓦—阿尼玛卿古特提斯缝合带与南部巴颜喀拉的西金乌兰—金沙江和羌塘的龙木错—双湖古特提斯缝合带相比,更富有地质意义。