环胶州湾公路海上段汽车尾气的环境影响

对类比路段进行连续模拟试验,进行现场调查,给出汽车尾气主要污染物的排污强度,预测了汽车尾气中CO、C_nH_m和NO_x的扩散范围。     

一种基于异步串行口的IBM-PC局部网

在综合的科学考察船上以异步通讯口实现的IBM-PC局部网具有较好的性能价格比。本文介绍了该网的联网环境、网络系统的组成及其拓扑结构、网络的服务功能以及网络软、硬件的安装和配置。     

渤海海域埕岛低凸起东部南区新生代断裂系统及油气分布的控制作用

埕岛低凸起东部南区新生代受控于伸展与走滑作用,断裂构造复杂,传统认为中深层北东向与近东西向断层属于同期同沉积断层。针对这一观点及引起的问题,利用钻井和地震资料,运用构造地质理论解析断裂系统。研究区主要发育正断层、走滑正断层两种类型,断开层位有基底—东营组、平原组—东营组、平原组—基底三种情况,现今断裂以东营组与馆陶组之间的区域不整合面为时限划分为两期断裂系统。早期断裂主要切开基底—东下段,属于同沉积断层;晚期断裂主要切开平原组—东营组,可断达基底,其发育受早期断裂制约。北东向与近东西向断层分别属于早晚两期断裂系统,对油气分布各起关键性控制作用:先期基底升降引起的伸展作用形成北东向断层,控制洼槽地貌与深水重力流沉积环境,发育了连片的层状砂质碎屑流;后期郯庐断裂右行走滑派生了近东西向雁列断层,断层面既充当储层上倾方向的遮挡条件,又在东西向挤压时封闭性变差而变成油气垂向运移通道,断层及断层作用控制了圈闭分布与油气聚集的有序性,自东向西,圈闭及油水界面依次升高且充满度变小,呈全充满、欠充满、半充满等状态。断裂系统研究将地质体置于一定的构造应力场中,分析断层组合的空间排列和交切关系以及断层的力学机制和位移特征等,探究时空演化对油气分布的控制作用。断裂系统研究方法在构造作用叠合区具有适宜性,对该区及类似地区的勘探开发具有现实意义。     

地球科学大数据的管理与共享：以英国地质调查局为例

大数据驱动的研究范式正在引起地学领域的革命,而海量大数据的有效管理和共享是数据高效利用的前提。英国地质调查局作为最早成立的国家地质调查局,拥有海量的地学数据资源,通过近年来对数字化工作的全面推进,在数据的开放共享方面走在了世界各国的最前沿。文章对英国地质调查局的数据资源管理和数据共享方式进行了分析调研,详细介绍了他们的一站式管理平台——开放地学的主体组成,以及他们与同行合作建设的数据库。开放地学全面汇总了地调局内的数据资源,并通过一系列数据共享将所有数据集有机链接,通过数据和模型的巧妙结合,在满足用户数据需求的同时,对数据的应用进行了全方位的拓展,是地球系统科学研究框架下地球科学数字化工作的良好典范。     

地磁匹配特征量的选择

论文旨在选择合适的地磁特征量用于匹配制导.从地磁匹配的实际要求出发,提出了选择匹配特征量时应重点考虑的几个因素,通过理论分析初步拟定了选取准则,并针对特定区域,依据IGRF(International Geomagnetic Reference Field)和WMM(World Magnetic Model)计算出的地磁数据,结合选取准则进行了综合分析,给出了初选结果,对地磁匹配基准图的制备、实时图的获取、匹配算法的研究,以及地磁场资源应用于其他领域的相关研究有一定的借鉴意义.     

“Trends” and variations of global oceanic evaporation data sets from remote sensing

The variability in global oceanic evaporation data sets was examined for the period 1988-2000. These data sets are satellite estimates based on bulk aerodynamic formulations and include the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Flux version 2 （ GSSTF2）, the Japanese-ocean flux using remote sensing observations （J-OFURO）, and the Hamburg Ocean-Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite version 2 （HOAPS2）. The National Center for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） reanalysis is also included for comparison. An increase in global average surface latent heat flux （SLHF） can be observed in all the data sets. Empirical mode decomposition （EMD） shows long-term increases that started around 1990 for all remote sensing data sets. The effect of Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 is clearly evident in HOAPS2 but is independent of the longterm increase. Linear regression analyses show increases of 9.4%, 13.0%, 7. 3%, and 3.9% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2 and NCEP, for the periods of the data sets. Empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analyses show that the pattern of the first EOF of all data sets is consistent with a decadal variation associated with the enhancement of the tropical Hadley circulation, which is supported by other satellite observations. The second EOF of all four data sets is an ENSO mode, and the correlations between their time series and an SO1 are 0.74, 0.71,0.59, and 0.61 for GSSTF2, J-OFURO, HOAPS2, and NCEP in that order. When the Hadley modes are removed from the remote sensing data, the residue global increases are reduced to 2.2% , 7. 3%, and 〈 1% for GSSTF2, J-OFURO and HOAPS, respectively. If the ENSO mode is used as a calibration standard for the data sets, the Hadley mode is at least comparable to, if not larger than, the ENSO mode during our study period.     

Effect of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera on maize seedlings under NaCl stress

In this study, a polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was extracted and its effect on maize seedlings under NaCl stress was investigated. Firstly, the components and structure of the EP were determined. We found that EP is a sulfated polysaccharide of high-molecular weight (Mw, 1 840 KDa) heteropolysaccharides and the main monosaccharide is rhamnose. The polysaccharide was applied to explore its effect on the growth of maize seedlings and its defense response under a salt stress. The results show that EP could promote the growth of maize seedlings under the salt stress. In addition, EP was shown able to significantly regulate membrane permeability and adjustment of osmotic substances such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, EP is an effective salt-resistant substance for the growth of maize seedlings under NaCl stress.     

华南石炭纪中期白云岩地层分布及其形成模式

石炭纪是地质演化历史上重要的时期,发生了全球规模的海西造山运动,晚古生代大冰期（LPIA）达到峰值,全球海平面频繁波动,导致古气候和古环境的剧烈变化。在华南,石炭纪中期,浅水碳酸盐岩台地相区广泛发育一套白云岩沉积。本文系统总结华南3个主要碳酸盐台地内白云岩的厚度及时代,识别出白云岩时空分布的差异性。结合石炭纪中期全球气候环境特征,认为冰期兴盛引发了全球海平面下降,导致华南各沉积盆地形成利于白云岩化的环境,白云岩得以发育。而白云岩时空分布的差异性可能与各沉积盆地独特的构造演化以及不同成岩模式有关。中下扬子碳酸盐岩台地白云岩的形成模式主要为萨勃哈模式和成岩早期浅埋藏的渗透回流模式,形成相对较薄的白云岩沉积;中南部和西南部碳酸盐岩台地白云岩的形成模式为渗透回流模式,成岩规模较大,沉积较厚。     

基于TLS的滑坡形变分析方法研究

以四川理县一地质滑坡为例,分析扫描点空间位置的理论精度,探讨点云数据获取以及点云过滤、点云拼接、地理参考等数据预处理的关键技术,给出一套比较直观、全面的滑坡形变分析方法,包括基于点云比较的形变分析、基于TIN比较的形变分析、基于特征点的形变分析以及基于DEM的形变分析。为了充分利用非地面点云数据,提出一种提取滑坡区域电线杆、树干的几何特征来分析滑坡水平变化的新方法。通过分析得到的滑坡形变量与GNSS远程实时监测结果基本一致。