连续台风时期香港区域的水汽变化分析

利用香港卫星定位参考站网GNSS观测数据,提取强热带风暴"塔拉斯"与热带风暴"洛克"影响期间各测站天顶方向对流层延迟,反演香港区域大气可降水量;根据香港区域49个天文台气象站提供的实测降雨量数据,分析大气可降水量与实际降雨量的相关性,以及两次台风对香港区域水汽时空分布的不同影响。结果表明,大气可降水量在台风影响前期均上升,在大量降雨后回落,但在连续台风的间歇期间,仍高于台风来临前的水平;水汽累积是大量降雨的前提条件,当水汽累积量相近时,水汽累积时长与累积降雨量呈正相关;台风期间大气可降水量值超过65 mm的区域面积与台风等级相关,台风路径对局部水汽分布有一定的影响。     

Luminescence dating of sand–loess sequences and response of Mu Us and Otindag sand fields (north China) to climatic changes

The sand–loess transition zone in north China is sensitive to climate change, and is an ideal place to investigate past environmental changes. However, past climate change at millennial–centennial timescales in this region has not been well reconstructed because of limited numerical dating. Alternations of sandy loam soils with aeolian sand layers in the Mu Us and Otindag sand fields, which lie along the sand–loess transition zone, indicate multiple intervals of dune activity and stability. This change is probably a response to variations of the East Asian monsoon climate during the late Quaternary. The single aliquot regeneration (SAR) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating protocol, which has been successfully applied to aeolian deposits worldwide, is applied to these two sand fields in this study. The OSL ages provide reliable constraints for reconstruction of past climate changes at suborbital timescale. Sections in both sand fields contain aeolian sand beds recording millennial‐scale episodes of dry climate and widespread dune activation, including episodes at about the same time as Heinrich Event 5 and the Younger Dryas in the North Atlantic region. These results demonstrate the potential of aeolian sediments in semi‐arid north China to record millennial‐scale climatic events, and also suggest that dry–wet climate variation at the desert margin in China may be linked to climatic change elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, through atmospheric circulation. This article was published online on 27 November 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected (16 December 2008). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模糊PID控制器在水压机控制系统中的应用

介绍了模糊控制中的设计思想及方法，并采用模糊控制的方法来改进实际生产中PID控制的一些控制难点。将改进方法应用在一大型水压机控制系统中并在实际生产中取得了理想效果。     

疏散星团NGC6530天区的恒星自行和成员概率

利用上海天文台的照相底片资料,确定了疏散星团NGC6530天区364颗恒星的自行和成员概率,并对有关自行测定的方法、结果和精度等问题作了较为详细的介绍和讨论。使用的底片历元差为87年,全部恒星自行中误差的均方根值为1．09mas/a。     

内蒙阿右旗铁板井镍矿矿床特征及成因探讨

铁板井绦矿床赋存于辉橄岩体中,辉橄岩体具有全岩矿化的特点,岩体及镍矿体的形成经历了三种不同的成矿过程:首先是岩浆深源液态重力分异作用,而后发生岩浆深源熔离-贯入(成岩、成矿)作用,形成岩体和镍矿体,最后在岩浆期后热液作用的叠加下完成整个成矿过程.该矿床是典型的主要由岩浆熔离作用形成的岩浆矿床.     

西宁地区大气中黑碳气溶胶浓度的观测研究

对2005年9月至2007年7月在西宁获得的黑碳气溶胶(BC)浓度观测资料及气象观测资料进行了分析. 结果表明, 受当地冬季取暖和冬季逆温出现频率高的影响, BC浓度的月际变化规律明显, 且变化幅度大, BC浓度高值出现在每年10月至次年1月;低值出现在5-8月;日平均浓度为4 240.1 ng·m-3, 其变化范围为957.5～11 045.5 ng·m-3. 受局地人为活动和大气垂直对流扩散等影响, BC浓度日变化表现出明显的双峰值特征, BC高浓度出现在7:00～12:00和18:00～24:00, 而低浓度一般出现在14:00～17:00和02:00～05:00时段. 与相距90 km的瓦里关全球本底站相比, 西宁BC日平均浓度偏高约13倍, 且月际变化差异大, 但与国内部分城市相比还是较低(除西藏拉萨外).     

中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)冻土工程地质考察与研究进展

在2005-2007年期间,先后3次对中国-俄罗斯原油管道漠河-大庆段沿线的冻土工程地质条件等进行科学考察,开展了冻土工程地质条件及其在气候变化和人类活动作用下的评价和预测研究.考察研究结果表明:管道沿线多年冻土在各类融区、季节冻土和水系等分隔作用下呈片状或岛状分布,沿线岛状、稀疏岛状及零星岛状占多年冻土区段的40%左右;管道沿线多年冻土随着气候的转暖和人类活动的影响不断退化.地形地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化等局部因素对多年冻土的分布和地下冰的赋存产生重要的影响,管道沿线大约分布有50 km左右的沼泽湿地,其表层为腐殖质土及泥炭层,泥炭层下面分布着含土冰层或地下冰,是管道沿线最差的冻土工程地质地段;由于中俄原油管道沿线水系发育多,冻胀丘、冰椎和冰幔等不良冻土现象广泛分布.科学考察的成果为管道沿线冻土工程地质条件评价和预测、管道的稳定性影响分析以及后期的长期检测系统设置等研究奠定坚实的基础,进一步为即将开工的中俄原油管道漠河-大庆段工程的设计、施工提供科学依据.     

西秦岭熊山沟岩体地球化学及构造环境分析

在区域地质调查及综合研究的基础上,对位于西秦岭天水东南部地区的原百花岩体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学、岩体接触关系、同位素年龄研究,从中解体出熊山沟岩体,并初步了解了该岩体的岩浆活动规律。熊山沟岩体早期岩石类型为斜长花岗岩,岩石化学成分K2O含量较低,K2O∕Na2O比值为0.33～0.42;晚期岩石类型为二长花岗岩,岩石相对富集K2O,K2O∕Na2O比值为1.01～1.43,岩石属拉斑-钙碱性系列;微量元素富集Th、Hf、Nb、Zr等元素;稀土元素以富集轻稀土,无铕负异常或铕负异常不明显为主要特征;氧同位素值较低（δ^18O为＋3.32‰）,岩石具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,岩浆来源于下地壳物质,形成于大陆弧构造环境。     

海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡北部地区储层特征及影响因素分析

通过测井曲线的标准化处理及信息提取、岩心及录井岩屑观察、铸体薄片、物性分析、扫描电镜、压汞分析等技术手段,研究了海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡北部地区南屯组储层的主要岩性特征、物性特征、储集空间类型和影响因素.研究结果表明.海拉尔盆地南屯组以内陆湖相碎屑岩为主,主要包括角砾岩、砾岩、砂砾岩、粗砂岩、细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质砂岩及泥岩等.南一段储层孔隙度平均值为6.15%,渗透率平均值为0.31 × 10-3μm2,为低孔特低渗型孔隙特征;南二段储层孔隙度平均值为12.18%,渗透率平均值为2.79× 10-3μm2,属于中孔低渗型孔隙特征.储集空间类型以粒间孔隙为主,发育一定的次生孔隙.喉道分为4种类型(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类).扇三角洲前缘分支水道砂体、扇三角洲平原辫状河道砂体和滨浅湖砂坝微相砂体为该区有利的储层砂体类型.储层性质主要受沉积相和成岩作用影响.     

The influence of 30~60 d oscillation on the development of the South China Sea summer monsoon

Using the National Center for Enviromental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and NOAA satellite-obser ved outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data, the development of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon and intraseasonal (30-60 d) oscillation (ISO) have been examined. The results show that there exists obvious interannual variability of intraseasonal oscillaiton. Using the 16 a time series of filtered OLR averaged over the SCS, an index is defined to define ““onset events““ over the SCS on the ISO time scales. Of the 16 a examined here, 10 shows a strong ISO signal in the onset of monsoon convection over the SCS. In these cases, the ISO initially suppresses the seasonal development of southwesterly and cyclonic circulation over the SCS before the ISO onset. As the ISO propagates northeastward, the low frequency cyclonic circulation anomaly occurs in the SCS and the low frequency southwesterly wind and convection over here dramatically intensify. The northeast progression of the ISO anomaleis plays a role in the initial suppression and then acceleration of the seasonal cycle of the SCS summer monsoon.