Release the iron: does the infection of magnetotactic bacteria by phages play a role in making iron available in aquatic environments?

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB) are ubiquitous prokaryotes that orient along magnetic field lines due to magnetosomes’ biomineralization within the cell....     

Artificial Intelligence and headland-bay beaches

Headland-bay beaches are a typical feature of many of the world's coastlines. Their curved planform has aroused much interest since the early days of Coastal Engineering. Modelling this characteristic planform is a task of great interest, not least in relation to projects of coastal structures whose effects on the shoreline must be studied from the planning stages. In this work, Artificial Intelligence is applied to this task—in particular, artificial neural networks (ANNs). Unlike conventional planform models, they are not based on a given mathematical expression of the shoreline curve. Instead, they learn from experience (from a number of training cases) how the planform of a headland-bay beach is shaped, with due regard to the obliquity of incident waves. Three artificial neural networks, with different input/output structures, are implemented and subsequently trained with a number of bays. Once trained, they are tested for validation on other headland-bay beaches. Finally, the most performing neural network is compared with a state-of-the-art planform model.