利用贵阳单站对流参数的强降水潜势预报方法研究

该文利用2002-2011年10 a的常规观测资料,筛选出贵阳单站24 h强降水、12 h强降水及6h强降水个例.对大气温湿类、层结稳定度、热力及能量类物理指标与强降水进行相关性统计分析,确立了相关性较好的常用物理指标(IQ、K、mK、SWEAT、Tg).通过分析降水前后其物理指标的变化特征,并利用成功指数建立指标预警阈值.再利用逐步消空法和BP神经网络集成方法对指标进行集成,得到相应的预报模型,从而建立了贵阳强对流天气未来0～6h,0～12h的潜势预报的预警预报指标,对贵阳地区降雨预报具有一定的指示作用.分析表明,利用逐步消空法建立的预报模型要优于BP神经网络集成的模型.     

Three-dimensional evolution of damage in sandstone Brazilian discs by the concurrent use of active and passive ultrasonic techniques

Acta Geotechnica - Active and passive ultrasonic techniques were used to study three-dimensional evolution of damage in sandstone discs under Brazilian test. A standard disc, 50 mm in...     

黄河口泥沙颗粒表面电荷的微电泳研究

黄河是世界河流中携带泥沙颗粒最多的河流。泥沙的沉积不仅受物理因素,也受化学因素的控制,例如受表面电荷的控制。研究黄河口水中悬浮体颗粒的表面电荷,有助于探求河口区域的悬浮物沉积规律。 本文测定了不同盐度下黄河口水体中悬浮粒子的电泳行为,得到如下结果:(1)所有悬浮粒子均带负电荷。(2)粒子Zeta电位的负值随盐度增大而减小。这个结果与文献报道(欧洲一些河流的)情况一致。     

A generalized nonlinear failure criterion for frictional materials

A generalized nonlinear failure criterion formulated in terms of stress invariants is proposed for describing the failure characteristics of different frictional materials. This failure criterion combines a power function and a versatile function in the meridian and deviatoric plane, respectively, which is a generalization of several classic criteria, including the Tresca, Drucker–Prager, Mohr–Coulomb, Lade–Duncan and Matsuoka–Nakai failure criterion. The procedure for determination of the strength parameters was demonstrated in detail. Comparisons between the failure criterion and experimental results were presented for uncemented/cemented Monterey sand, normally consolidated Fujinomori clay, rockfill, concrete, Mu-San sandstone and granite, which reveal that the proposed failure criterion captures experimental trend quite well.     

指数平滑法在趋势产量预测上的应用及广东省早稻产量预报模式

本文介绍的产量预报方法是由趋势产量预报和气象产量预报两部份合成。其中趋势产量的分解及预测量采用系统预测方法中的三次指数平滑法进行,气象产量模式则是由一组时效不同、逐步迫近的非线性回归方程组构成。经试用效果甚佳。      

Total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay,China: Long-term variations in pollution status and adverse biological risk

Surface sediments collected from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and five heavy metals. The sediment concentration ranges of TPH, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg were 6.3–535 μg/g, 58–332 μg/g, 7.2–63 μg/g, 4.3–138 μg/g, 0–0.98 μg/g, and 0.10–0.68 μg/g, respectively. These results met the highest marine sediment quality standards in China, indicating that the sediment was fairly clean. However, based on the effects range-median (ERM) quotient method, the calculated values for all of the sampling sites were higher than 0.10, suggesting that there was a potential adverse biological risk in Bohai Bay. According to the calculated results, the biological risk decreased from 2001 to 2007 and increased afterwards. High-risk sites were mainly distributed along the coast. This study suggests that anthropogenic influences might be responsible for the potential risk of adverse biological effects from TPH and heavy metals in Bohai Bay.     

Effect of organics (amino acids and fulvic acid) on the interaction between Cu(II) and clays in sea water

By the study of the effects of pH on the exchange ratio (%) of Cu(II) with clay(illite) in the presence of different concentrations of amino acids and fulvic acid, a new model of the mechanism of the effect of organics has been presented in this paper. Projects sponsored by the Natural Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

海水中悬浮粒子的微电泳研究 Ⅰ针铁矿、δ-Mno_2的电泳淌度与酸度、重金属离子及有机物浓度的关系

本文用微电泳的方法研究了针铁矿及δ-MnO_2悬浮粒子的电泳行为。支持电解质的离子强度影响淌度的大小,但不改变等电点(IEP)。重金属离子在悬浮粒子上的吸附,使pH高于IEP时的表面电荷由负变正,而在pH低于IEP时影响不大。 小分子量的有机物如氨基酸对悬浮粒子的淌度影响不大,而大分子量的有机物如腐殖酸使IEP左移。天然海水,河水等对悬浮粒子表面电荷的影响是其中的有机物使IEP左移的结果,故天然水体中悬浮粒子无例外地均荷负电。     

Effect of organics (fulvic acid and amino acids) on the interaction between Cu(II) and clays in sea water II. Isotherms and isotherm equations

In the present paper, determination of isotherms of the exchange reaction between Cu(II) and clays is presented, verifying again the “cation exchange—surface precipitation” isotherm worked out formerly in our laboratory. A modified BET equation was applied to treating the experimental data and describing the new isotherm. In addition, the mechanism of the effects of organics are further discussed and verified. Based on the isotherm equations and the estimates of the average area occupied by a single molecule on the surface, we put forward a new hypothesis which differs from the current one of “organic film”. Projects sponsored by the Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.