Spatial Distribution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Land-Based Pollutant Yield from Qingdao,China

The spatial distribution of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and total nitrogen(TN) yield from Qingdao are studied by comparing pollutant yield amount, densities and spatial aggregation(Getis-Ord indexes) among the land-based pollutant source regions(PSRs) entering the three sub-seas(i.e. the Jiaozhou Bay(JZB), other coastal area in the Yellow Sea(OCAYS) and Laizhou Bay(LZB), respectively). Industrial composition of the loads are also studied by comparing pollutant yield among the sources of agriculture, rural domesticity, industry, urban domesticity and service, and calculation of Gini coefficient. Results show that spatial distribution of COD and TN yield from Qingdao are extremely unbalanced. The JZB, with less than 3% of the total coastal sea area of Qingdao, received 62% COD load and 65% TN yield from Qingdao, while the OCAYS, with more than 97% area, only received 23% COD and 20% TN, which consist with the much worsen water quality of JZB than that of OCAYS. On the other hand, the source apportionment of COD and TN loads in the PSRs entering JZB and the OCAYS was similar. The agricultural and domestic sources with high pollution intensity account for more than 80%, while the industrial and service sources with low pollution intensity account for less than 20%. While Gini coefficients, COD 0.81 and TN 0.84 which are much higher than the ‘imbalance' threshold of 0.4, show the uneven industrial structure of Qingdao. These results may be useful in the determination of land-based pollution total amount control at the PSR level.     

Survey of cyanomyovirus abundance in Shantou coastal waters by g20

To understand the genetic diversity and population changes in cyanophages in the coastal waters of Shantou,northeast South China Sea,we used the capsid assembly protein gene g 20 as a marker of the abundance and phylogeny of natural cyanomyovirus communities. The abundance of total viruses,heterotrophic bacteria,and picophytoplankton in the coastal waters was monitored with flow cytometry. Hydrological parameters(NO ˉ 3,NO ˉ 2,NH 3,soluble reactive phosphorus,total dissolved nitrogen,total dissolved phosphorus,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,temperature,salinity,and chlorophyll a concentration) and microbial abundance(total viruses,total bacteria,P rochlorococcus,Synechococcus,and eukaryotes) were measured in the upper and lower layers at four sampling sites in the research area. In the direct viral counts,cyanomyoviruses accounted for 1.92% to 10% of the total viral community. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the g 20 sequences in the Shantou coastal waters were very diverse,distributed in eight distinct operational taxonomic units,including the newly formed Cluster W. The g 20 gene copies inferred from real time PCR assay indicated that cyanomyoviruses were correlated significantly with the heterotrophic bacteria numbers and the nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations. These results suggest that cyanomyoviruses are ubiquitous and are an abundant component of the virioplankton in Shantou coastal waters.     

常规海面风预报质量检验的实现

常规海面风预报内容是“文字加字符”形式,实况数据是间隔均匀的数据序列,所以常规海面风预报无法像数值预报一样直接应用实况数据进行预报质量的检验评估。本文在详细调研全国海洋预报机构发布的海面风预报产品基础上,针对不同的常规预报内容,制定了一套客观、合理、标准化的处理方法,成功实现了对常规海面风预报的检验,并应用东海区实况数据对常规海面风预报进行了检验测试,通过对存在的问题进行研讨与论证,完善了检验评估规则,提升了其实用性、合理性和适用性。     

福建永定新村钼铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及成因探讨

永定新村钼铅锌多金属矿床位于闽西南断陷带和闽东火山断坳带结合处,属武夷山成矿带。地表以近东西向、北东向构造控制的细脉浸染型钼铅锌矿化为主,磁异常、电异常、土壤地化异常套合好,浓集中心明显。经过综合资料分析,表明永定新村钼铅锌矿床成因类型属岩浆热液充填交代型矿床。     

A coastal three-dimensional water quality model of nitrogen in Jiaozhou Bay linking field experiments with modelling

With anthropogenic changes, the structure and quantity of nitrogen nutrients have changed in coastal ocean, which has dramatically influenced the water quality. Water quality modeling can contribute to the necessary scientific grounding of coastal management. In this paper, some of the dynamic functions and parameters of nitrogen were calibrated based on coastal field experiments covering the dynamic nitrogen processes in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), including phytoplankton growth, respiration, and mortality; particulate nitrogen degradation; and dissolved organic nitrogen remineralization. The results of the field experiments and box model simulations showed good agreement (RSD = 20% ± 2% and SI = 0.77 ± 0.04). A three-dimensional water quality model of nitrogen (3DWQMN) in JZB was improved and the dynamic parameters were updated according to field experiments. The 3DWQMN was validated based on observed data from 2012 to 2013, with good agreement (RSD = 27 ± 4%, SI = 0.68 ± 0.06, and K = 0.48 ± 0.04), which testifies to the model's credibility.     

Numerical simulation of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in Guangxi coastal bays,China

The increasing riverine pollutants have resulted in nutrient enrichment and deterioration of water quality in the coastal water of Guangxi Province, China. However, the quantitative relationship between nutrient loads and water quality responses, which is crucial for developing eutrophication control strategies, is not well studied. In this study, the riverine fluxes of nutrients were quantified and integrated with nutrient cycling and phytoplankton dynamics by using box models for Guangxi coastal bays. The model concepts and biogeochemical equations were the same; while most model parameters were specific for each bay. The parameters were calibrated with seasonal observations during 2006–2007, and validated with yearly averaged measurements in 2009. The general features of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics were reproduced, and the models were proved feasible under a wide range of bay conditions. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was depleted during the spring algal bloom in Zhenzhu Bay and Fangcheng Bay with relatively less nutrient inputs. Phosphorus concentration was high in spring, which decreased then due to continuous phytoplankton consumption. Chlorophyll-a concentration reached its annual maximum in summer, but was the minimum in winter. Eutrophication was characterized by both an increase in nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass in Lianzhou Bay. Either about 80% reduction of nitrogen or 70% reduction of phosphorus was required to control the algal bloom in Lianzhou Bay. Defects of the models were discussed and suggestions to the environmental protection of Guangxi coastal bays were proposed.     

应用计算机处理岩移观测数据及绘图

本文为了改变目前岩移观测数据处理用手工计算和绘图的现状,而编制了既能综合处理岩移观测数据,又能高效率绘制各种曲线图的电算程序。通过实践,操作简单,准确可靠,图形美观。并从曲线图上可求得岩移观测站的移动角、边界角及其它岩移参数。它将对袖珍机在矿山测量中的应用和岩移科研工作的开展起着推动作用。     

Simultaneous Desorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils by Rhamnolipid Biosurfactants

Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and heavy metals (HMs) are toxins that usually coexist in natural environments. Due to the differences in their proper     

基于次溴酸钠氧化-氨基磺酸还原测定沉积物15N加富培养样品中的15NH+4的方法探索

沉积物中的异化硝酸盐还原过程是海洋中活性氮转化的关键过程之一.不同于反硝化和厌氧铵氧化,异化硝酸盐还原为铵(DNRA)是将硝酸盐直接还原为铵,而不是以氮气的形态移除,这有可能会加重水体富营养化和缺氧.目前测定沉积物中异化硝酸盐还原过程的主要手段是15N标记培养技术.为了准确评估DNRA的潜在速率,首先要准确测定加富样品...     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Ulva pertusa and non-starch polysaccharide enzymes on gut microbiota of Siganus canaliculatus

Fishes represent the highest diversity of vertebrates; however, our understanding of the compositions and functions of their gut microbiota is limited. In this study, we provided the first insight into the gut microbiota of the herbivorous fish Siganus canaliculatus by using three molecular ecology techniques based on the 16 S r RNA genes(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, clone library construction, and highthroughput Illumina sequencing), and the Illumina sequencing technique is suggested here due to its higher overall coverage of the total 16 S r RNA genes. A core gut microbiota of 29 bacterial groups, covering 99.9% of the total bacterial community, was found to be dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in fish fed three dif ferent diets with/without the supplementation of U lva pertusa and non-starch polysaccharide(NSP) enzymes(cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucanase). Diverse potential NSP-degrading bacteria and probiotics(e.g., R uminococcus, Clostridium and Lachnospiraceae) were detected in the intestine of the fish fed U. pertusa, suggesting that these microorganisms likely participated in the degradation of NSPs derived from U. pertusa. This study supports our previous conclusion that U. pertusa-based diets are suitable for the production of S. canaliculatus with lower costs without compromising quality.