云南城市经济影响区空间组织演变规律

对1990-2004 年云南省城镇发展差异进行分析,发现自20 世纪90 年代以来云南省城市综合实力总体呈差异扩大的趋势,表现出小城市发展缓慢且分化不明显,少数高位城市极化,在空间呈现明显的核心-边缘倾向等特征。其后,进一步展示云南省城市经济影响区空 间演化的阶段性规律：① 20 世纪90 年代以前云南省城市经济影响区被特殊的地理环境分割 成破碎且难以整合的小型离散化的格局;② 自20 世纪90 年代以来,随着地区工业化和城市 化加速进行,交通通讯网络的发育和辐射,中小城市得以发育,伴随于城市经济影响区空间 扩张与收缩,云南省城市经济影响区逐渐从单层离散分布演变为三层嵌套结构,并不断朝更高级的结构形态演进,即云南省城市经济影响区空间呈现显著的、由小规模离散分布阶段、过渡转型阶段到嵌套复合阶段的时空演化序列。最后,针对这种时空演化序列,笔者解析出云南省城市经济影响区在不同时空条件组合下的三种空间扩展类型：单向拓展类型、多向拓展类型和邻接扩展类型。     

岩溶关键带水文地球化学研究进展

岩溶关键带处于岩石、水、土壤、大气、生物五圈交汇地带。正确认识岩溶关键带的结构、特点及其水文地球化学过程是当前地球关键带与岩溶水科学研究的重点问题。本文基于对国内外相关研究成果的归纳整理,剖析了岩溶关键带水文地球化学内涵、岩溶关键带水动力垂向分带、岩溶关键带框架下的水文地球化学过程与机制, 探寻变化环境下岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程演变的规律与驱动机制。指出了当前研究中存在的薄弱环节:目前工作仅停留在传统岩溶地下水科学工作范畴,未从岩溶关键带框架体系的角度考虑植物冠层至岩溶含水层之间水文地球化学过程及其耦合关系,未考虑新污染物持续输入、地球大数据科学工程深入实施、全球碳排放路径逐渐改变等时代因素对岩溶水文地球化学研究的潜在影响。进一步的研究可以从以下方面开展:基于岩溶关键带框架体系的新污染物水文地球化学研究,基于大数据框架体系的岩溶水文地球化学研究,“双碳战略”下的岩溶水文地球化学研究,岩溶关键带水文地球化学驱动的物质转化与能量迁移过程及其耦合以及高分辨率监测、评估与模拟手段的综合应用。     

Application of Ultra-shallow Seismic Survey to the Wanggezhuang Fault in Qingdao

At present, there is less theoretical research and practical experience in the aspect of ultra-shallow seismic exploration to the target layers at depths of only tens of meters both at home and abroad. Seismic exploration plays an important role in the location of faults and active structures, but the depth dozens of meters below the ground surface is the blind area of any kind of deep and shallow seismic exploration. Starting from the point of view of detecting urban active faults, and using related theories and methods of geology, geophysics and mathematics, the paper discusses the preconditions for acquiring efficient ultra-shallow seismic survey results in complicated geological backgrounds in Qingdao. Taking the Qingdao area as an example in this paper, we study the depth condition of Quaternary deposits, and apply 4-8 stacking folds to satisfy the requirement to get the exploration results with high-resolution and high-SNR. Preliminary results reveal that selecting a proper surveillance layout is one of the keys to acquire authentic exploration results in ultra-shallow P-wave reflection exploration. Our results also show that ultra-shallow seismic reflection method in detecting faults in the Qingdao area has good application prospects.     

张家口断裂发现第四纪晚期活动证据

作者等人在“河北省城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价（张家口项目）”2008年探测工作中对张家口断裂进行了地质调查,多处发现了清楚的第四纪晚期（晚更新世-全新世）断层活动剖面,获得了张家口断裂晚第四纪活动的可靠证据,为张家口市活断层探测打下了坚实基础。     

OSTIA数据在中国近海业务化环流模型中的同化应用

The prediction of sea surface temperature(SST) is an essential task for an operational ocean circulation model. A sea surface heat flux, an initial temperature field, and boundary conditions directly affect the accuracy of a SST simulation. Here two quick and convenient data assimilation methods are employed to improve the SST simulation in the domain of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea(BYECS). One is based on a surface net heat flux correction, named as Qcorrection(QC), which nudges the flux correction to the model equation; the other is ensemble optimal interpolation(En OI), which optimizes the model initial field. Based on such two methods, the SST data obtained from the operational SST and sea ice analysis(OSTIA) system are assimilated into an operational circulation model for the coastal seas of China. The results of the simulated SST based on four experiments, in 2011, have been analyzed. By comparing with the OSTIA SST, the domain averaged root mean square error(RMSE) of the four experiments is 1.74, 1.16, 1.30 and 0.91°C, respectively; the improvements of assimilation experiments Exps 2, 3 and 4 are about 33.3%, 25.3%, and 47.7%, respectively.Although both two methods are effective in assimilating the SST, the En OI shows more advantages than the QC,and the best result is achieved when the two methods are combined. Comparing with the observational data from coastal buoy stations, show that assimilating the high-resolution satellite SST products can effectively improve the SST prediction skill in coastal regions.     

鲍店煤矿四采区涌水规律分析

鲍店煤矿四采区曾发生５次突水事故。最大突水量２８５．４ｍ３／ｈ。本文通过水质、水量和水位监测资料分析认为：四采区主要的充水水源为侏罗系上统红层中的地下水，红层内部的水力联系较好；充水通道为采动导水裂隙，充水方式主要是顶板淋水和采后突水。随着采动导水裂隙波及范围的扩大，红层地下水位下降速度加快，疏干效应明显。     

后疫情时代全球气候变化的应对与抉择

后疫情时代,全球气候变化影响和应对呈现新趋势,突发性、全球性和关联性成为鲜明的特征.当前,要着力解决应对气候变化的重大科学问题,就必须继续务实加强基础研究,妥善处理应对全球变化的挑战和可持续发展之间的关系;根据中国国情选择自己的气候变化应对之路;进一步处理好减排与增汇、减缓与适应的关系;设立国家碳中和重大专项;制定和实...     

Analysis of Wave Distributions Using the WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ Model in the Arctic Ocean

In this work, we examined long-term wave distributions using a third-generation numerical wave model called WAVE- WATCH-Ⅲ(WW3) (version 6.07). We also evaluated the influence of sea ice on wave simulation by using eight parametric switches. To select a suitable ice-wave parameterization, we validated the simulations from the WW3 model in March, May, September, and December 2017 against the measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter at latitudes of up to 60?N. Generally, all parameterizations ex-hibited slight differences, i.e., about 0.6 m root mean square error (RMSE) of significant wave height (SWH) in May and September and about 0.9 m RMSE for the freezing months of March and December. The comparison of the results with the SWH from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for December 2017 indicated that switch IC4_M1 performed most effec-tively (0.68 m RMSE) at high latitudes (60?– 80?N). Given this finding, we analyzed the long-term wave distributions in 1999 – 2018 on the basis of switch IC4_M1. Although the seasonal variability of the simulated SWH was of two types, i.e., 'U' and 'sin' modes, our results proved that fetch expansion prompted the wave growth. Moreover, the interannual variability of the specific regions in the 'U' mode was found to be correlated with the decade variability of wind in the Arctic Ocean.     

万全断裂的几何结构和活动特征

本文根据实地调查和探测资料对万全断裂的几何结构和构造活动进行分析与研究,结果表明：该断裂是洋河盆地北缘断裂带的组成断裂之一,由南、北两段斜列组成,呈北东-北北东走向展布,为正断层,长约15km;断裂在第四纪期间持续活动,控制着附近地区的构造演化和地貌发育：西北侧中生代地层抬升,形成低山丘陵;东南侧地块下降,接受第四纪堆积,构成山间盆地;晚更新世以来单条断层的平均垂直活动速率大于0.03—0.3mm/a。