Effects of salinity fluctuation amplitudes on growth, osmolarity, Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis Osbeck

The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.     

Sustainability evaluation of different systems for sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) farming based on emergy theory

Emergy analysis is effective for analyzing ecological economic systems. However, the accuracy of the approach is af-fected by the diversity of economic level, meteorological and hydrological parameters...     

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budget of a Polyculture System of Sea Cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus）, Jellyfish （Rhopilema esculenta） and Shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）

The nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) budget and the ecological efficiency of a polyculture system of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus), jellyfish(Rhopilema esculenta) and shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were studied in a cofferdam, 120.2 ha in size. The nutrients were supplied by spring tide inflow. In total, 139600 kg N yr-1 and 9730 kg P yr-1 input to the system; while 118900 kg N yr-1 and 2840 kg P yr-1 outflowed from the system concurrently, thus the outflow was 85.7%(N) and 29.2%(P) of inflow. The production of N and P was 889.5 kg yr-1 and 49.28 kg yr-1(sea cucumber) and 204 kg yr-1 and 18.03 kg yr-1(jellyfish and shrimp), respectively. The utilization rate of N and P by polycultured animals was 7.8‰ and 6.9‰, respectively, 21.9% and 38% higher than that of monocultured sea cucumber. Our results indicated that the polyculture system was an efficient culture system of animals and a remediation system of coastal environment as well; it scavenged 14.3% and 70.8% of N and P, respectively. Such an ecological efficiency may be improved further by increasing either the stocking density or the size of sea cucumber or both.     

A review of flexible protection in rockfall protection

Natural Hazards - Natural hazards, such as high winds, heavy rains and ice melting, can easily trigger the rockfall which usually leads to great personal injuries and property loss; therefore, the...     

乌蒙山区典型富水型背斜泉群成因机理研究——以绥江县新滩镇银厂村幸福泉为例

乌蒙山区划跨云南、贵州、四川三省,是国家新一轮扶贫开发攻坚战主战场之一,五角堡背斜位于乌蒙山区中部,分布于绥江县五角堡至屏山县楼东一带,背斜周边共出露天然泉点45个,幸福泉位于五角堡背斜北西翼,距离核部2km,枯水季流量141L/s,丰水季流量822L/s,为新滩镇供水水源地。根据前人调查,此泉的成因机理研究主要有两种截然不同的理论,一种为"上升泉理论",一种为"下降泉理论",针对这两种理论,以现场调查、示踪试验及地球物理勘探为依据,对幸福泉成因机理进行深入分析并提出自己的观点,认为幸福泉为岩溶裂隙上升泉,为此后同类富水性背斜泉群的研究及该地区地下水资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

Ecological effects of co-culturing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with scallop Chlamys farreri in earthen ponds

Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments: sea cucumber monoculture (Mc), sea cucumber and scallop polyculture (Ps-c) and scallop monoculture (Ms). Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter (TPM) was 72.2 g/(m2 d) in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/(m2 d), which was markedly higher than that of Mc (mean value). Sedimentation rates of organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods (summer and winter). The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield.     

地震与地震前兆数字化观测基础

本文介绍了数字观测中的模数转换、采样、量化和传输的基本原理并以地形变数字观测为例介绍了采样定理的应用     

世界铼资源供需现状及展望

铼在地壳中的丰度低且分散,多伴生于钨钼矿中,现有方法常采用碱熔富集,流程长且繁琐,亟需开发一种简便快捷的检测方法。本文建立了逆王水微波消解钨钼矿石样品,8-羟基喹啉沉淀分离钨钼元素,与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用的检测方法。结果表明：0.0500g样品,2.80mL逆王水即可实现铼元素的全部溶出,0.20mL有机沉淀剂8-羟基喹啉（3%）在乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲体系（pH 4.5）中可选择性沉淀钼、钨元素,有效消除基体元素钼、钨（沉淀率>95%）对Re定量干扰,同时不引入新干扰元素。相比现有分离富集前处理流程更加简便快捷,前处理时间缩短为现有方法的1/4;该方法对Re的检出限为6.9ng/g,采用国家一级标准物质钼矿石（GBW07238）、钼矿石（GBW07285）、铼钼矿石（GBW07373）和钨锡铋矿石（GBW07369）对方法的准确度进行了验证,测定值与推荐值吻合,相对误差为0.71%～6.07%,RSD＜5%。本方法建立的“消解-分离富集”处理流程所需时间从常规的8～12h缩短至2h左右,在准确定量矿石样品中Re的同时简化了样品前处理流程,快速的样品处理及低廉的测试成本有助于关键稀有金属矿产的开发利用。

     

模拟低温下主产品种猕猴桃结果母枝冻害指标

越冬冻害是猕猴桃的主要气象灾害,为探讨低温对猕猴桃的伤害机理,建立猕猴桃越冬冻害指标体系,2020年12月—2021年2月利用MSX-2F霜箱系统模拟越冬期低温过程,采用组织褐变率、细胞伤害率等参数对结果母枝冻害特征进行定量描述,通过冻害指数与低温的Logistic关系模型,研究6个主栽品种结果母枝冻害特征。结果表明：结果母枝主芽半致死温度以海沃德最低,为-16.5 ℃,瑞玉、徐香、金福居中,分别为-14.8 ℃,-14.9 ℃和-14.2 ℃,翠香、红阳较高,分别为-13.4 ℃,-13.8 ℃。-16 ℃~-10 ℃低温主要影响结果母枝主芽活性,-16 ℃为主芽受冻向副芽受冻的转折点,低于-18 ℃对主、副芽活性均有伤害,-20 ℃以下低温可造成结果母枝大量死亡。品种间抗冻性能,以海沃德最强,瑞玉、金福、徐香居中,翠香、红阳最弱。以结果母枝芽冻害指数为主要参数,构建6个主产品种猕猴桃结果母枝5级低温冻害指标,对应类型和温度阈值如下：1级为轻度减产型,-11.0 ℃~-10.5 ℃;2级为中度减产型,-14.5 ℃~-10.5 ℃;3级为重度减产型,-16.5 ℃~-12.0 ℃;4级为绝收型,-20.0 ℃~-13.5 ℃;5级为致死型,-20.0 ℃~-15.0 ℃。     

Seasonal changes in food uptake by the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a farm pond: Evidence from C and N stable isotopes

This study investigated the seasonal changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope values of several typical food sources of Apostichopus japonicus in a farm pond, including particulate organic matter (POM), macroalgae, benthic microalgae and animals such as nematode and copepod. The stable isotope technique was used to quantify relative contributions of various sources to the food uptake by A. japonicus. The results showed that significant changes occurred in the C and N stable isotope values of sea cucumber food sources due to the seasonality of micro-or macroalgae prosperity and the fluctuation of environmental conditions. The sea cucumber A. japonicus exhibited corresponding alterations in feeding strategy in response to the changes in food conditions. Calculation with a stable isotope mixing model showed that macroalgae was the principal food source for A. japonicus throughout the 1-yr investigation, with the relative contribution averaging 28.1% - 63.2%. The relative contributions of other food sources such as copepod and nematode, POM, benthic microalgae to the total food uptake by sea cucumber averaged 22.6% - 39.1%, 6.3% - 22.2%, 2.8% - 6.5%, and 2.8% - 4.2%, respectively. Together these results indicated that the seasonal changes in food sources led to the obvious temporal differences in the relative contribution of various food sources utilized by A. japonicus. Such findings provide the basic scientific information for improving the aquaculture techniques of A. japonicus, particularly for optimizing the food environment of A. japonicus culture in farm ponds.